The present invention is intended to prove a technique useful for controlling the reaction of oxidoreductase, and to provide a reaction system allowing efficient conversion from carbon dioxide to formic acid, and an efficient methanol production system including the reaction system. The reverse redox reaction is selectively promoted by carrying out the reaction catalyzed by an oxidoreductase using an artificial electron carrier. The reaction system is used for the production of methanol.

The present invention is intended to prove a technique useful for controlling the reaction of oxidoreductase, and to provide a reaction system allowing efficient conversion from carbon dioxide to formic acid, and an efficient methanol production system including the reaction system. The reverse redox reaction is selectively promoted by carrying out the reaction catalyzed by an oxidoreductase using an artificial electron carrier. The reaction system is used for the production of methanol.

Described herein are processes for increasing biogas yield and reducing volatile solids in biosolids sludge. The biosolids sludge is passed through a controlled flow, hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus and further subjected to anaerobic digestion. The biosolids sludge can be treated with hydrodynamic cavitation prior to or after the sludge is exposed to a thermal hydrolysis step to hydrolyze the sludge.

Described herein are processes for increasing biogas yield and reducing volatile solids in biosolids sludge. The biosolids sludge is passed through a controlled flow, hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus and further subjected to anaerobic digestion. The biosolids sludge can be treated with hydrodynamic cavitation prior to or after the sludge is exposed to a thermal hydrolysis step to hydrolyze the sludge.

The invention relates to metallic nanoparticles made by that have been made in a plant cell suspension, and methods of making the metallic particles.

The invention relates to metallic nanoparticles made by that have been made in a plant cell suspension, and methods of making the metallic particles.

A process for obtaining gold magnetic nanoparticles or of other metallic elements by fermenting a culture medium in the presence of producer microorganisms such as Brevibacterium halotolerans, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Inaquosorum, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii, Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus siamenensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Inaquosorum, Bacillus atrophaeus, or Bacillus vallismortis, inter alia. The process of the invention can be used to effectively control the size and shape of the nanostructure to be obtained, with production levels above those found at laboratory level.

A process for obtaining gold magnetic nanoparticles or of other metallic elements by fermenting a culture medium in the presence of producer microorganisms such as Brevibacterium halotolerans, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Inaquosorum, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii, Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus siamenensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis subsp. Inaquosorum, Bacillus atrophaeus, or Bacillus vallismortis, inter alia. The process of the invention can be used to effectively control the size and shape of the nanostructure to be obtained, with production levels above those found at laboratory level.

The present invention provides a multi-component enzyme system that hydrolyzes hemicellulose oligomers from hardwood which can be expressed, for example, in yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In some embodiments, this invention provides for the engineering of a series of biocatalysts combining the expression and secretion of components of this enzymatic system with robust, rapid xylose utilization, and ethanol fermentation under industrially relevant process conditions for consolidated bioprocessing. In some embodiments, the invention utilizes co-cultures of strains that can achieve significantly improved performance due to the incorporation of additional enzymes in the fermentation system.

The present invention provides a multi-component enzyme system that hydrolyzes hemicellulose oligomers from hardwood which can be expressed, for example, in yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In some embodiments, this invention provides for the engineering of a series of biocatalysts combining the expression and secretion of components of this enzymatic system with robust, rapid xylose utilization, and ethanol fermentation under industrially relevant process conditions for consolidated bioprocessing. In some embodiments, the invention utilizes co-cultures of strains that can achieve significantly improved performance due to the incorporation of additional enzymes in the fermentation system.