Described is a method for the production of D-erythrose and acetyl phosphate comprising the enzymatic conversion of D-fructose into D-erythrose and acetyl phosphate by making use of a phosphoketolase. The produced D-erythrose can further be converted into glycolaldehyde by a method for the production of glycolaldehyde comprising the enzymatic conversion of D-erythrose into glycolaldehyde by making use of an aldolase, wherein said aldolase is a 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4) or a fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13). The produced glycolaldehyde can finally be converted into acetyl phosphate by the enzymatic conversion of the thus produced glycolaldehyde into acetyl phosphate by making use of a phosphoketolase or a sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase.

Isolated oxidases, isolated polynucleotides encoding the oxidases, and methods of using the oxidases to produce -oxocarboxylic acid compounds or L--amino acid compounds are described.

A method is described for producing lactate or lactic acid from a plant extract, such as oil palm frond extract, via fermentation. In particular, the method includes providing a fermentation medium that includes at least 25 wt. % of a plant extract containing fermentable carbohydrates, fermenting the fermentation medium by means of a lactic acid producing microorganism in the presence of a caustic magnesium salt to provide a fermentation broth containing at the most 9.5 wt. % magnesium lactate at the end of fermentation, the magnesium lactate being in soluble form during and at the end of fermentation; and recovering lactate or lactic acid from the magnesium lactate containing fermentation broth.

A method is described for producing lactate or lactic acid from a plant extract, such as oil palm frond extract, via fermentation. In particular, the method includes providing a fermentation medium that includes at least 25 wt. % of a plant extract containing fermentable carbohydrates, fermenting the fermentation medium by means of a lactic acid producing microorganism in the presence of a caustic magnesium salt to provide a fermentation broth containing at the most 9.5 wt. % magnesium lactate at the end of fermentation, the magnesium lactate being in soluble form during and at the end of fermentation; and recovering lactate or lactic acid from the magnesium lactate containing fermentation broth.

Provided are microorganisms that catalyze the synthesis of chemicals and biochemicals from a methanol, methane and/or formaldehyde. Also provided are methods of generating such organisms and methods of synthesizing chemicals and biochemicals using such organisms.

Provided are microorganisms that catalyze the synthesis of chemicals and biochemicals from a methanol, methane and/or formaldehyde. Also provided are methods of generating such organisms and methods of synthesizing chemicals and biochemicals using such organisms.

The present invention relates to recombinant Trichoderma host cells producing Aspergillus fumigatus cellulolytic enzyme compositions and methods of producing and using the compositions.

This application describes methods, including non-naturally occurring methods, for biosynthesizing unsaturated pentahydrocarbons, such as isoprene and intermediates thereof, via the mevalonate pathway, as well as non-naturally occurring hosts for producing isoprene.

This application describes methods, including non-naturally occurring methods, for biosynthesizing unsaturated pentahydrocarbons, such as isoprene and intermediates thereof, via the mevalonate pathway, as well as non-naturally occurring hosts for producing isoprene.

The invention relates to an isoprene oligomer that contains a trans structural moiety and a cis structural moiety, which can be represented by the following formula (1), wherein at least 1 atom or group in the trans structural moiety is replaced by another atom or group. The invention also relates to a polyisoprene, which is biosynthesized using the isoprene oligomer and isopentenyl diphosphate. Further, this invention provides a rubber composition comprising the isoprene oligomer and/or the polyisoprene, and a pneumatic tire, including tire components (e.g., treads and sidewalls) formed from the rubber composition. ##STR00001##
wherein n represents an integer from 1 to 10; m represents an integer from 1 to 30; and Y represents a hydroxy group, a formyl group, a carboxy group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, or a group represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00002##