Provided herein include methods of making mogroside compounds, e.g., Compound 1, compositions (for example host cells) for making the mogroside compounds, and the mogroside compounds made by the methods disclosed herein, and compositions (for example, cell lysates) and recombinant cells comprising the mogroside compounds (e.g., Compound 1). Also provided herein are novel cucurbitadienol synthases and the use thereof.

Provided herein include methods of making mogroside compounds, e.g., Compound 1, compositions (for example host cells) for making the mogroside compounds, and the mogroside compounds made by the methods disclosed herein, and compositions (for example, cell lysates) and recombinant cells comprising the mogroside compounds (e.g., Compound 1). Also provided herein are novel cucurbitadienol synthases and the use thereof.

Aspects of the invention provide methods for producing one or more secondary metabolites from microbial culture. In various embodiments, the method comprises culturing a microbial cell producing a secondary metabolite for recovery from a bioreactor medium, the medium comprising an aqueous phase and an extraction phase. The composition of the extraction phase, and the relevant amount with respect to the aqueous phase, enhances production of the secondary metabolite from microbial cells and/or enhances extracellular transfer of the metabolite.

The present invention relates to a coupled biotransformation process of converting chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and related compounds to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and related compounds. It also relates to the cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of a novel NADP.sup.+-dependent 7-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7-HSDH) from Clostridium difficile, cofactor switch mutants thereof, and their application for the oxidation of bile acids. A further aspect of the invention relates to novel NADP-dependent cofactor switch mutants of the NADP.sup.+-dependent 7-HSDH of E. coli and their application for the oxidation of bile acids.

The present invention relates to a method of producing ginsenoside 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2 using a novel ginsenoside glycosidase in order to obtain ginsenoside 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2 with high efficiency and high purity. According to the production method of the present invention, a large amount of 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2, which is a minor form of rare ginsenoside present in very small amounts in ginseng or processed ginseng products, may be safely and efficiently produced. In particular, the method according to the present invention has an advantage in that it may produce a large amount of 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2 for industrial applications, since the process is very simple and the production efficiency is very high.

The present invention relates to a method of producing ginsenoside 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2 using a novel ginsenoside glycosidase in order to obtain ginsenoside 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2 with high efficiency and high purity. According to the production method of the present invention, a large amount of 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2, which is a minor form of rare ginsenoside present in very small amounts in ginseng or processed ginseng products, may be safely and efficiently produced. In particular, the method according to the present invention has an advantage in that it may produce a large amount of 20(S)Rg3 or 20(S)Rh2 for industrial applications, since the process is very simple and the production efficiency is very high.

The present invention discloses a Mycobacterium neoaurum-derived steroid C27-monooxygenase and an application thereof, which belong to the technical fields of genetic engineering and enzyme engineering. By the method of gene knockout and intensive expression, the present invention screens out three isoenzymes of a key enzyme SMO in the process of degrading sterol side chains from Mycobacterium neoaurum. The three isoenzymes are intensively expressed respectively in the Mycobacterium neoaurum for the high yield of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), the yield of ADD is increased remarkably, wherein the effect of SMO2 is most remarkable. By overexpressing SMO2, the final ADD yield is increased from 5.2 g.Math.L.sup.1 to 7.3 g.Math.L.sup.1. The present invention provides a helpful guidance for the industrialization of the microbial fermentation method for increasing the ADD yield.

The present invention discloses a Mycobacterium neoaurum-derived steroid C27-monooxygenase and an application thereof, which belong to the technical fields of genetic engineering and enzyme engineering. By the method of gene knockout and intensive expression, the present invention screens out three isoenzymes of a key enzyme SMO in the process of degrading sterol side chains from Mycobacterium neoaurum. The three isoenzymes are intensively expressed respectively in the Mycobacterium neoaurum for the high yield of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), the yield of ADD is increased remarkably, wherein the effect of SMO2 is most remarkable. By overexpressing SMO2, the final ADD yield is increased from 5.2 g.Math.L.sup.1 to 7.3 g.Math.L.sup.1. The present invention provides a helpful guidance for the industrialization of the microbial fermentation method for increasing the ADD yield.

Methods for recombinant and enzymatic production of mogroside compounds and compositions containing mogroside compounds are provided by this invention.

Methods for recombinant and enzymatic production of mogroside compounds and compositions containing mogroside compounds are provided by this invention.