The present invention is directed to cellulytic host cells. The host cells of the invention expressing heterologous cellulases and are able to produce ethanol from cellulose. According to the invention, host cells expressing a combination of heterologous cellulases can be used to produce ethanol from cellulose. In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterologous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose. Furthermore, the invention demonstrates for the first time the ability of Kluyveromyces to produce ethanol from cellulose. The yeast strains and co-cultures of yeast strains of the invention can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation processes.

The present invention is directed to cellulytic host cells. The host cells of the invention expressing heterologous cellulases and are able to produce ethanol from cellulose. According to the invention, host cells expressing a combination of heterologous cellulases can be used to produce ethanol from cellulose. In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterologous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose. Furthermore, the invention demonstrates for the first time the ability of Kluyveromyces to produce ethanol from cellulose. The yeast strains and co-cultures of yeast strains of the invention can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation processes.

A method for producing an antimicrobial agent is provided. The method includes co-fermenting at least one bacterium and at least one yeast in a growth media to produce a co-fermented product. The co-fermented product includes an antimicrobial agent. A filtration method is applied to the co-fermented product to isolate and extract the antimicrobial agent from the co-fermented product, wherein the antimicrobial agent is a secondary metabolite.

A method for producing an antimicrobial agent is provided. The method includes co-fermenting at least one bacterium and at least one yeast in a growth media to produce a co-fermented product. The co-fermented product includes an antimicrobial agent. A filtration method is applied to the co-fermented product to isolate and extract the antimicrobial agent from the co-fermented product, wherein the antimicrobial agent is a secondary metabolite.

Embodiments of the invention relate generally to methods to generate microorganisms and/or microorganism cultures that exhibit the ability to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from carbon sources at high efficiencies. In several embodiments, preferential expression of, or preferential growth of microorganisms utilizing certain metabolic pathways, enables the high efficiency PHA production from carbon-containing gases or materials. Several embodiments relate to the microorganism cultures, and/or microorganisms isolated therefrom.

A process for the fermentative conversion of at least one cellulose and/or hemicellulose-containing secondary raw material into a carbon, in particular lactic acid-based product, the secondary raw material containing at least one pH regulator.

A process for the fermentative conversion of at least one cellulose and/or hemicellulose-containing secondary raw material into a carbon, in particular lactic acid-based product, the secondary raw material containing at least one pH regulator.

The present invention discloses the conversion of non-edible grade organic maize or wheat into monosaccharides by enzyme hydrolysis. The generated glucose at 14-16% is used to produce natural, organic gluconic acid by microbial fermentation of three strains Aspergillus niger NCIM 545, Penicillium notatum NCIM 745 and Penicillium chrysogenum NCIM 709. These strains are improved by unique media constituents and parameters for product yield enhancement along with the reduced time of gluconic acid production by 15-20 h. Further, gluconic acid is fortified with calcium or sodium or magnesium or ferrous to produce respective gluconate salts which were processed by a set of downstream processes including spray drying to obtain in powder form. These organic gluconates have immense applications in food, pharma, feed, and construction sectors for supplying organic source as well as minerals. This route of gluconic acid and its salts production is robust simple, cost-effective and less time taking by using eco-friendly biotechnological processes.

The present invention discloses the conversion of non-edible grade organic maize or wheat into monosaccharides by enzyme hydrolysis. The generated glucose at 14-16% is used to produce natural, organic gluconic acid by microbial fermentation of three strains Aspergillus niger NCIM 545, Penicillium notatum NCIM 745 and Penicillium chrysogenum NCIM 709. These strains are improved by unique media constituents and parameters for product yield enhancement along with the reduced time of gluconic acid production by 15-20 h. Further, gluconic acid is fortified with calcium or sodium or magnesium or ferrous to produce respective gluconate salts which were processed by a set of downstream processes including spray drying to obtain in powder form. These organic gluconates have immense applications in food, pharma, feed, and construction sectors for supplying organic source as well as minerals. This route of gluconic acid and its salts production is robust simple, cost-effective and less time taking by using eco-friendly biotechnological processes.

Provided herein is a method for anaerobically fermenting an organic solid waste, including: subjecting the organic solid waste to anaerobic fermentation under catalysis of a zirconium-based metal organic framework (MOF) material.