Date sugar concentrates and methods for using and making the same are provided.

A method of manufacturing a cellooligosaccharide containing an oligomer having a degree of polymerization of from 3 to 6, the method includes performing a reaction involving heating and hydrolyzing plant biomass in coexistence with a carbon catalyst and water under such a condition that a temperature-time product over a range of from 170 C. to 230 C. in a graph for showing a relationship between a reaction temperature on an axis of ordinate and a reaction time on an axis of abscissa is from 80 C..Math.min to 365 C..Math.min. The maximum reaction temperature (X) and the retention time (Y) at the maximum reaction temperature satisfy a relationship represented by the following expressions (1) to (3).

Y>0.0714X+15(1)

Y<X+210(2)

X>175(3)

The invention provides carbohydrate compositions and products comprising the carbohydrate compositions, such as dry products or a low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, methods of making the carbohydrate compositions and products, and uses thereof.

The invention provides carbohydrate compositions and products comprising the carbohydrate compositions, such as dry products or a low-viscosity reduced-sugar syrup, methods of making the carbohydrate compositions and products, and uses thereof.

The present invention discloses a genus of insect inhibitory proteins that exhibit properties directed to controlling Lepidopteran and/or Hemipteran crop pests, methods of using such proteins, nucleotide sequences encoding such proteins, methods of detecting and isolating such proteins, and their use in agricultural systems.

The present invention discloses a genus of insect inhibitory proteins that exhibit properties directed to controlling Lepidopteran and/or Hemipteran crop pests, methods of using such proteins, nucleotide sequences encoding such proteins, methods of detecting and isolating such proteins, and their use in agricultural systems.

Methods are described for producing sugar from sugar-containing plant material with microbiological control, which includes treating a sugar-containing plant raw material and/or a component derived therefrom, and/or a medium containing the plant raw material and/or the component, with monochloramine. Monochloramine usage in the method can reduce loss of sugar from bacterial consumptions in the processing of sugar-containing plant materials, such as sugar beets, without causing adverse effects on the sugar product, such as the brightness of white sugar.

A method for processing sugar cane juice from raw sugar cane stalks to produce various forms of a natural sugar cane juice product preserves policosanols naturally occurring in the raw sugar cane stalks, resulting in policosanol-rich natural sugar cane juice-based products such as a dry, granulated sweetener concentrate.