A cored wire for refining molten metal includes a reactive core material that is in the form of a solid rod. A non-reactive particulate material radially surrounds the solid core material, and an exterior metal jacket radially surrounds the particulate material. The particulate material may include wood or other material that when introduced into the molten metal, undergoes thermal decomposition to release carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof as a shroud around the core material.

The present invention relates to a silicon based alloy comprising between 45 and 95% by weight of Si; max 0.05% by weight of C; 0.4-30% by weight Cr; 0.01-10% by weight of Al; 0.01-0.3% by weight of Ca; max 0.10% by weight of Ti; up to 25% by weight of Mn; 0.005-0.07% by weight of P; 0.001-0.02% by weight of S; the balance being Fe and incidental impurities in the ordinary amount, a method for the production of said alloy and the use thereof.

A CrMnN austenitic heat-resistant steel is provided. The heat-resistant steel comprises, in weight percentage, carbon 0.20% to 0.50%, silicon 0.50% to 2.00%, manganese 2.00% to 5.00%, phosphorus less than 0.04%, sulphur less than 0.03%, chromium 20.00% to 27.00%, nickel 6.00% to 8.00%, molybdenum less than 0.50%, niobium less than 0.60%, tungsten less than 0.60%, vanadium less than 0.15%, nitrogen 0.30% to 0.60%, zirconium less than 0.10%, cobalt less than 0.10%, yttrium less than 0.10%, boron less than 0.20%, with the balance iron. The heat-resistant steel has high temperature strength, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, good dimensional stability, good ductility, heat resistance, impact resistance, and low production costs, and meets the requirements for high performance engines.

Provided are a method and to an arrangement for monitoring characteristics of a furnace process in a furnace space limited by a furnace shell of a metallurgical furnace. The arrangement comprises a process monitoring unit having a frame mounted by means of a mounting means on the metallurgical furnace outside the furnace space of the furnace shell. Also provided is a process monitoring unit for use in the method and/or in the arrangement.

Producing direct reduced iron (DRI) having chemically-combined carbon includes providing DRI at a temperature above 400 C., providing a first gas stream including hydrogen and carbon monoxide, passing the first gas stream through a methane forming process to yield a second gas stream containing a higher concentration of methane than the first gas stream; and contacting the second gas stream with the DRI. A system for producing the DRI includes a vessel for containing DRI at a temperature above 400 C., a methane forming reactor containing a catalyst bed for producing methane from a first gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a first conduit to feed a gas stream including hydrogen and carbon monoxide to the methane forming reactor, and a second conduit to feed the second gas stream to the vessel containing the DRI.

A manufacturing method includes a first pulverization step of compressively pulverizing a manganese oxide-containing material containing at least manganese, calcium, silicon, iron, and phosphorus, which is used as a raw material, to form a composite in which a compound phase of nCaO.P.sub.2O.sub.5 is combined with at least one phase of a spinel phase and a calcium ferrite phase, which are ferromagnetic materials, and produce a first pulverized manganese oxide-containing material containing the composite; a first magnetic separation step of separating the first pulverized manganese oxide-containing material produced in the pulverization step into a magnetic substance and a non-magnetic substance under a magnetic force; and a step of recovering the non-magnetic substance separated in the first magnetic separation step as a manganese raw material.

A manufacturing method includes a first pulverization step of compressively pulverizing a manganese oxide-containing material containing at least manganese, calcium, silicon, iron, and phosphorus, which is used as a raw material, to form a composite in which a compound phase of nCaO.P.sub.2O.sub.5 is combined with at least one phase of a spinel phase and a calcium ferrite phase, which are ferromagnetic materials, and produce a first pulverized manganese oxide-containing material containing the composite; a first magnetic separation step of separating the first pulverized manganese oxide-containing material produced in the pulverization step into a magnetic substance and a non-magnetic substance under a magnetic force; and a step of recovering the non-magnetic substance separated in the first magnetic separation step as a manganese raw material.

A cored wire for refining molten metal includes a reactive core material that is in the form of a solid rod. A non-reactive particulate material radially surrounds the solid core material, and an exterior metal jacket radially surrounds the particulate material. The particulate material may include wood or other material that when introduced into the molten metal, undergoes thermal decomposition to release carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof as a shroud around the core material.

Stabilized volatile briquettes and processes and apparatuses for making and using the same are provided. The stabilized volatile briquette includes a volatile material and a thermoplastic binder material such that the thermoplastic binder material binds the volatile material together to define a briquette that is stable. The process includes mixing a volatile waste material and a thermoplastic binder material to form a briquette mixture, shearing the briquette mixture, extruding the briquette mixture to form a thermoplastic briquette extrusion, and hardening the thermoplastic briquette extrusion to form a stabilized volatile briquette. The apparatus includes an extruder, a heating portion operably connected to the extruder, and a heated die operably connected to the heating portion such that the extruder, the heating portion, and the heated die are configured to gradually heat a thermoplastic binder material such that the thermoplastic binder material binds a provided volatile material together.

Disclosed is a slag discharging method in a process of producing ultra-low phosphorus steel, which relates to the technical field of iron and steel smelting, and in which molten steel is mixed with lime first to produce basic slag; then converting is performed with oxygen to increase the oxidizability of the basic slag; and a carbon-containing reducing agent is finally added, so that in the process that the carbon is oxidized to release a large amount of carbon monoxide gas, phosphates are captured, and the basic slag is rapidly foamed and overflows from the opening of the steel ladle, so that conditions are no longer available for rephosphorization. The slag discharging method is simple and convenient to operate, does not have high requirements on the equipment, has relatively good dephosphorization effect, and can be used to prepare an ultra-low phosphorus steel containing less than 0.003% phosphorus. Also disclosed is a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel, which comprises the above-described slag discharging method in a process of producing ultra-low phosphorus steel, and refining and ingotting after slag discharge. The production method has good dephosphorization effect, has a low production cost, and can high-efficiently produce an ultra-low phosphorus steel containing less than 0.003% phosphorus.