In various embodiments, electronic devices such as touch-panel displays incorporate interconnects featuring a conductor layer and, disposed above the conductor layer, a capping layer comprising an alloy of Cu and one or more refractory metal elements selected from the group consisting of Ta, Nb, Mo, W, Zr, Hf, Re, Os, Ru, Rh, Ti, V, Cr, and Ni.

A process of manufacturing of segment for carbon thrust bearing uses stainless-steel (SS) round bars/sheets/logs of suitable grade as raw material. The SS round bars/sheets/logs undergo cutting operation to cut into SS billets. The billets successively undergo heating and hot forging processes to form segments of desired shapes. Thereafter, the segment is subjected to heat treatment process i.e. stress relieving, hardening and tempering process successively for obtaining consistent and uniform grain structure, mechanical properties and physical properties of segments which are cost-effective in terms of lower maintenance and lower handling efforts. After heat-treatment process, segment undergoes surface-finishing processes i.e. grinding, lapping and polishing successively for obtaining mirror like surface finishing that gives greater anti-friction property and lower co-efficient of friction. The manufacturing process according to present invention yields consistent grain structure, refine, dense and uniform microstructure of segments which imparts optimum strength, ductility, toughness and resistance to impact and fatigue.

A process of manufacturing of segment for carbon thrust bearing uses stainless-steel (SS) round bars/sheets/logs of suitable grade as raw material. The SS round bars/sheets/logs undergo cutting operation to cut into SS billets. The billets successively undergo heating and hot forging processes to form segments of desired shapes. Thereafter, the segment is subjected to heat treatment process i.e. stress relieving, hardening and tempering process successively for obtaining consistent and uniform grain structure, mechanical properties and physical properties of segments which are cost-effective in terms of lower maintenance and lower handling efforts. After heat-treatment process, segment undergoes surface-finishing processes i.e. grinding, lapping and polishing successively for obtaining mirror like surface finishing that gives greater anti-friction property and lower co-efficient of friction. The manufacturing process according to present invention yields consistent grain structure, refine, dense and uniform microstructure of segments which imparts optimum strength, ductility, toughness and resistance to impact and fatigue.

A heat treatment technique may include heating an alloy component to a temperature above a transition temperature of the alloy or heating an alloy component to a temperature below the transition temperature of the alloy. The heat treatment technique further may include cooling a first portion of the alloy component at a first cooling rate, and cooling a second portion of the alloy component at a second cooling rate different than the first rate. The first cooling rate may result in formation of a plurality of first precipitate phase domains comprising a first average size in the first portion, and the second cooling rate may result in formation of a plurality of second precipitate phase domains comprising a second average size in the second portion. The average size of the first precipitate phase domains may be different than the average size of the second precipitate phase domains.

A heat treatment technique may include heating an alloy component to a temperature above a transition temperature of the alloy or heating an alloy component to a temperature below the transition temperature of the alloy. The heat treatment technique further may include cooling a first portion of the alloy component at a first cooling rate, and cooling a second portion of the alloy component at a second cooling rate different than the first rate. The first cooling rate may result in formation of a plurality of first precipitate phase domains comprising a first average size in the first portion, and the second cooling rate may result in formation of a plurality of second precipitate phase domains comprising a second average size in the second portion. The average size of the first precipitate phase domains may be different than the average size of the second precipitate phase domains.

A cooling system (2) for cooling metal rolling stock. A plurality of cooling bars (8) for applying a coolant onto the rolling stock, one dedicated coolant supply line (36) for each cooling bar (8), and a feed system (9) for guiding the coolant to the coolant supply lines (36). Each cooling bar (8) is connected to the feed system (9) via a dedicated coolant supply line (36). A bypass line (48, 52) for discharging a coolant flow from the feed system (9), is connected on the input side to a connection element (51, 53) of the feed system (9).

A cooling system (2) for cooling metal rolling stock. A plurality of cooling bars (8) for applying a coolant onto the rolling stock, one dedicated coolant supply line (36) for each cooling bar (8), and a feed system (9) for guiding the coolant to the coolant supply lines (36). Each cooling bar (8) is connected to the feed system (9) via a dedicated coolant supply line (36). A bypass line (48, 52) for discharging a coolant flow from the feed system (9), is connected on the input side to a connection element (51, 53) of the feed system (9).

A heat-treatment tray member comprises a tray, and a plurality of part receivers detachably mounted onto the tray. The tray includes a base part provided with a plurality of mounting parts capable of mounting the plurality of part receivers in predetermined positions, and the base part and corner support columns are constituted by a carbon composite material, or a steel material or a nickel alloy material. The corner support columns are provided to corners of the base part to layer a plurality of the trays, and one or two or more center support columns are preferably provided at or near a center of the base part.

The present invention relates to a device for electromagnetically measuring, in real time, the percentage of austenite contained in a continuously running steel strip during an in-line process for manufacturing or transforming the latter, such that the magnetic field produced by the alternating current flowing through the emitter coil (1) produces, in the steel strip (5), induced currents that generate an induced magnetic field creating, in the receiver coil (2), an electromotive force that can be measured by the voltage measurement device (4), the amplitude of this electromotive force being dependent on the voltage applied to the emitter coil and on the nature of the steel in the strip (5). The device is characterized in that the first and second coils (1, 2) are arranged in parallel to one another with a set distance between them and, in use, on either side of the steel strip (5).

A method of making a capsule 2 for hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) comprises: (i) selecting a first sheet of metal; (ii) subjecting the first sheet to a forming process, for example die forming, thereby to define a first member 4a of the capsule; (iii) securing said first member to one or more other members thereby to define at least part of a capsule for HIPing.