The object of the invention is an austenitic stainless steel with high plasticity induced by twinning with innovative chemical composition, and the use thereof in the automobile industry and in all applications wherein both a high resistance to corrosion and a high formability is requested, together with mechanical features of high-resistant steels. The invention also concerns a process for the production of this austenitic stainless steel with high twinning-induced plasticity.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a metal sheet. In this method, at least one of the following equations is satisfied: $\begin{array}{cc}\frac{Z}{d}+18\ln \left(\frac{Z}{d}\right)<8\ln \left(\frac{P}{V}\right)-27.52& \left(A\right)\\ {\mathrm{fO}}_2<\frac{2.304.Math.{10}^{-3}}{{(27.52+\frac{Z}{d}+8\ln (\frac{V}{P}}^{}}\end{array}$

A method includes, providing a tubular member (10) used for a hollow spring, and applying the compressive residual stress to at least a portion of an inner surface of the steel tube by applying the compressive force to at least a portion of an outer surface of the tubular member (10) from a circumferential direction, and a fatigue life of the tubular member (10) is prolonged by applying the compressive residual stress to the inner surface of the tubular member (10). Applying the force to the outer surface of the tubular member (10) includes pressing the tubular member (10) with a die (1). The die (1) has a pressing surface (1a) shaped such that the compressive force can be applied to at least the portion of the outer surface of the tubular member (10) from the circumferential direction.

The present invention provides a deformed part created by forming a coated metal sheet into a part, the coated metal sheet comprising a steel substrate, at least one face of which is coated with a metal coating deposited by dipping the substrate in a bath, said coating comprising between 0.2 and 0.7% by weight of Al, the remainder of the metal coating being Zn and inevitable impurities, wherein an outer surface of a metal coating of the deformed part has a waviness Wa0.8 of less than or equal to 0.43 m.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a metal sheet. In this method, at least one of the following equations is satisfied:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{Z}{d}+18.Math..Math.\ln \left(\frac{Z}{d}\right)<8.Math..Math.\ln \left(\frac{P}{V}\right)-27.52& \left(A\right)\\ f.Math..Math.O_2<\frac{2.304.Math.{\mathrm{.10}}^{-3}}{{\left(27.52+\frac{Z}{d}+8.Math..Math.\ln \left(\frac{V}{P}.Math.{\left(\frac{Z}{d}\right)}^{2.25}\right)\right)}^2}& \left(B\right)\end{array}$

wherein: Z is the distance between the metal sheet and the nozzle along the main ejection direction (E), Z being expressed in mm, d is the average height of the outlet of the nozzle along with the running direction of the metal sheet in front of the nozzle, d being expressed in mm, V is the running speed of the metal sheet in front of the nozzle, V being expressed in m.Math.s.sup.1, P is the pressure of the wiping gas in the nozzle, P being expressed in N.Math.m.sup.2, and fO.sub.2 is the volume fraction of oxygen in the wiping gas. A metal sheet, part and land motor vehicle are also provided.

A high-strength magnesium alloy member is suitable for products in which at least one of bending stress and twisting stress primarily acts. The member has required elongation and 0.2% proof stress, whereby strength and formability are superior, and has higher strength and large compressive residual stress in the vicinity of the surface of a wire rod. In the magnesium alloy member formed as a wire rod in which at least one of bending stress and twisting stress primarily acts, the wire rod includes a surface portion having the highest hardness of 170 HV or more in the vicinity of the surface and an inner portion having a 0.2% proof stress of 550 MPa or more and an elongation of 5% or more, and the wire rod has the highest compressive residue stress in the vicinity of the surface of 50 MPa or more.

Provided is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including a steel sheet having a steel sheet surface in which a groove, which extends in a direction intersecting a rolling direction and of which a groove depth direction matches a sheet thickness direction, is formed. When an average value of a groove depth in a sheet thickness direction at a central portion of the groove in a longitudinal groove direction is set as an average groove depth D, a straight line, which connects a first point at which a groove depth in the sheet thickness direction becomes 0.05D and a second point at which the groove depth becomes 0.50D, at an inclined portion of the groove is set as a groove end straight line, an angle made by the steel sheet surface and the groove end straight line is set as a first angle , and an average value of a groove-width-direction length, which is a length of a line segment connecting two points at which a groove depth in the sheet thickness direction in a contour of the groove on the groove-width-direction cross-section becomes 0.05D, is set as an average groove width W, an aspect ratio A obtained by dividing the average groove depth D by the average groove width W, and the first angle satisfy the following Expression (1).

<21A+77(1)

A series tailored athermally stabilized optical (STASO) telescope system (STASOS) and method (STASOM) is disclosed. The disclosed system/method separates an optical mirror source (OMS) and an optical focal target (OFT) via a first metering rod (FMR), second metering rod (SMR), and third metering rod (TMR) where the FMR, SMR, and TMR each comprise a first retaining rod (FRR) comprised of a material having a first thermal expansion (FTE) coefficient and a second retaining rod (SRR) comprised of a material having a second thermal expansion (STE) coefficient. The FMR, SMR, and TMR are constructed so as to be athermally stabilized to ensure that the OMS and OFT remain separated at a constant or controlled distance over a predetermined temperature range by selection of appropriate FTE and STE coefficients.

A series tailored athermally stabilized optical (STASO) telescope system (STASOS) and method (STASOM) is disclosed. The disclosed system/method separates an optical mirror source (OMS) and an optical focal target (OFT) via a series connection of a first metering tube (FMT) and a second metering tube (SMT) that have been selected to have complementary thermal expansion characteristics so as to keep the OMS and OFT at a predetermined optical focal distance (OFD) from one another. This OFD may constitute a static distance and/or may incorporate a positive and/or negative expansion with temperature that complements thermal characteristics of the OMS and/or OFT so as to stabilize the OFD between the OMS and OFT over a predetermined range of temperatures.

A steel plate, the chemical composition of which includes, the contents being expressed by weight: 0.010%C0.20%, 0.06%Mn3%, Si1.5%, 0.005%Al1.5%, S0.030%, P0.040%, 2.5%Ti7.2%, (0.45Ti)0.35%B(0.45Ti)+0.70%, and optionally one or more elements chosen from: Ni1%, Mo1%, Cr31, Nb0.1%, V0.1%, the balance of the composition consisting of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting.