An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 0.75 to about 2 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; silicon from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; chromium from about 3 to about 6 percent; nickel up to about 4 percent; vanadium from about 1 to about 3 percent; molybdenum from about 4 to about 7 percent; tungsten from about 4 to about 7 percent; cobalt from about 4 to about 7 percent; boron up to about 0.1 percent; nitrogen from about 0.001 to about 0.15 percent, aluminum from about 0.001 to about 0.6 percent, copper from about 0.1 to about 1 percent, sulfur up to about 0.3 percent, phosphorus up to about 0.3 percent, up to about 5 percent total of tantalum, titanium, hafnium and zirconium; iron from about 65 to about 80 percent; and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.

A sheet blank includes a core substrate having a generally planar shape with opposed first and second sides. The core substrate is made of high-strength steel containing at least two of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and austenite and having an ultimate tensile strength of at least 490 MPa. A respective decarburized layer of the high-strength steel is formed on each of the first and second sides of the core substrate, wherein each respective decarburized layer contains a minimum ferrite content of at least 80 volume % ferrite and has a respective thickness of 5 to 100 microns. A respective transition layer of the high-strength steel may be formed between the core substrate and each respective decarburized layer, with each transition layer having a respective inner transition layer abutting the core substrate and a respective outer transition layer abutting the respective decarburized layer.

A sheet blank includes a core substrate having a generally planar shape with opposed first and second sides. The core substrate is made of high-strength steel containing at least two of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and austenite and having an ultimate tensile strength of at least 490 MPa. A respective decarburized layer of the high-strength steel is formed on each of the first and second sides of the core substrate, wherein each respective decarburized layer contains a minimum ferrite content of at least 80 volume % ferrite and has a respective thickness of 5 to 100 microns. A respective transition layer of the high-strength steel may be formed between the core substrate and each respective decarburized layer, with each transition layer having a respective inner transition layer abutting the core substrate and a respective outer transition layer abutting the respective decarburized layer.

A method is disclosed for producing a brake element, in particular a brake disk or brake drum, which has a friction portion and a fastening portion, wherein a blank for at least the friction portion is produced by a casting method from gray cast iron with lamellar graphite, wherein the blank is subjected to austenitizing at a predefined austenitizing temperature, and wherein the austenitized blank is subjected to austempering at a predefined austempering temperature. The friction portion and the fastening portion is produced in one piece, and that the fastening portion is produced with a wall thickness of at least 1.5 and at most 4.5 mm.

Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a golf putter clubhead, a golf putter clubhead, and a golf putter. The steps of the method for manufacturing the golf putter clubhead include: obtaining or preparing a clubhead body, where the clubhead body includes a clubface, the clubface includes a toe portion, a middle portion, and a heel portion, the toe portion and the heel portion are respectively located at two ends of the clubface, and the middle portion is located between the toe portion and the heel portion; performing stiffening treatment on the clubface; and performing softening treatment on the middle portion after the stiffening treatment. After stiffening treatment is performed on the entire clubhead body, the softening treatment is performed on the middle portion of the clubface, so that stiffness of the toe portion and the heel portion is greater than that of the middle portion of the clubface.

A resettable alloy having a resetting mechanism introduced thereinto through simple resetting treatment, thereby prolonging the lifespan of materials, and a manufacturing method for the same are provided. The resettable alloy comprises a body-centered tetragonal(BCT)-face-centered cubic(FCC) dual structure comprising: BCT martensite phase matrix; and FCC austenite phase present within the matrix, wherein the FCC phase is formed by selective segregation of component elements and can be repetitively reset through metastable reversible phase transformation.

A method of making a forged, martensitic, stainless steel alloy is provided. The alloy is a forged preform of martensitic, pitting corrosion resistant stainless steel alloy comprising, by weight: 12.0 to 16.0 percent chromium; greater than 16.0 to 20.0 percent cobalt, 6.0 to 8.0 percent molybdenum, 1.0 to 3.0 percent nickel, 0.02 to 0.04 percent carbon; and the balance iron and incidental impurities. The alloy has a microstructure that comprises a retained austenite phase less than or equal to 2 percent by volume of the microstructure. The method heats the preform to a solutionizing temperature to form a solutionized microstructure. The preform is cooled with a liquid to room temperature. The preform is immersed in a cryo-liquid to transform the retained austenite phase in the microstructure to martensite. The preform is heated to a temperature of less than 600° F. for a time sufficient to form a tempered forged preform.

This invention provides a roll-bonded laminate that is excellent in press workability and/or a roll-bonded laminate with improved performance and ease of handling at the time of production. More specifically, this invention relates to a roll-bonded laminate composed of a stainless steel layer and an aluminum alloy layer with the peel strength of 60 N/20 mm or higher, a roll-bonded laminate composed of a stainless steel layer and a pure aluminum layer with the peel strength of 160 N/20 mm or higher, and a roll-bonded laminate composed of a pure titanium or titanium alloy layer and an aluminum alloy layer with the peel strength of 40 N/20 mm or higher.

This invention provides a roll-bonded laminate that is excellent in press workability and/or a roll-bonded laminate with improved performance and ease of handling at the time of production. More specifically, this invention relates to a roll-bonded laminate composed of a stainless steel layer and an aluminum alloy layer with the peel strength of 60 N/20 mm or higher, a roll-bonded laminate composed of a stainless steel layer and a pure aluminum layer with the peel strength of 160 N/20 mm or higher, and a roll-bonded laminate composed of a pure titanium or titanium alloy layer and an aluminum alloy layer with the peel strength of 40 N/20 mm or higher.

A flywheel energy storage system incorporates various embodiments in design and processing to achieve a very high ratio of energy stored per unit cost. The system uses a high-strength steel rotor rotating in a vacuum envelope. The rotor has a geometry that ensures high yield strength throughout its cross-section using various low-cost quenched and tempered alloy steels. Low-cost is also achieved by forging the rotor in a single piece with integral shafts. A high energy density is achieved with adequate safety margins through a pre-conditioning treatment. The bearing and suspension system utilizes an electromagnet that off-loads the rotor allowing for the use of low-cost, conventional rolling contact bearings over an operating lifetime of several years.