This heating furnace includes a housing having a pair of side walls, a workpiece support material configured to support a workpiece having a flat plate shape in a horizontal posture between the pair of side walls, a planar heater configured to heat the workpiece supported by the workpiece support material from above or below, a power feeding device configured to feed power to the planar heater, and a heater support material configured to support the planar heater in a horizontal posture. The planar heater has a plurality of heating bodies disposed side by side in a conveyance direction and in a left-right direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction in a plan view, the plurality of heating bodies each have a heating wire and a sintered body configured to accommodate the heating wire, include two or more kinds of heating bodies having different dimensions or shapes, and include an intermediate heating body alongside which other heating bodies are disposed at both end portions in the left-right direction, and the power feeding device has a feeding unit configured to feed power to each of the heating bodies from the side wall.

A joining element for manufacturing a connection between at least two components, which includes: a head at a first axial end, an end portion at a second axial end opposite the first axial end, and a shaft arranged between the end portion and the head, wherein the shaft defines a longitudinal axis of the joining element between the first and the second axial end. At least the shaft and the end portion of the joining element comprise a hardened edge layer so that a material of the shaft and the end portion has in the interior a lower hardness compared to an adjacent surface of the edge layer.

Provided are a non-oriented electrical steel sheet with which it is possible to improve steel sheet transferability even when punching is performed successively at high speed, and a method of manufacturing a stacked core using the same. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet contains, by mass percent, Si: 2.0 to 5.0%, Mn: 0.4 to 5.0%, Al≤3.0%, C: 0.0008 to 0.0100%, N≤0.0030%, S≤0.0030%, and Ti≤0.0060%, wherein the product of the contents of Mn and C is 0.004 to 0.05 mass %.sup.2, the yield strength in rolling direction is more than or equal to 600 MPa, and the Young's modulus is more than or equal to 200 GPa. In the method of manufacturing a stacked core, when manufacturing a stacked core using a progressive die, the steel sheet transfer speed V (m/s) satisfies expression (1). V: V.sub.MIN to V.sub.MAX (1) V.sub.MAX=( 1/25)√(t.sup.2×E×YS) (2) V.sub.MIN=( 1/25)√(t.sup.2×120000) (3) t: Steel sheet thickness (mm), E: Young's ratio (GPa), YS: Yield strength (MPa)

This application relates to a wrought magnesium alloy and a method of manufacturing the same, and a high-speed extrusion method for manufacturing an extrudate using the same. In one aspect, the magnesium alloy includes 2.0 wt % to 8.0 wt % of bismuth (Bi), 0.5 wt % to 6.5 wt % aluminum (Al), the balance of magnesium (Mg), and inevitable impurities. Using a magnesium alloy for high-speed extrusion according to the present disclosure, it is possible to manufacture a magnesium alloy extrudate having a good surface quality without hot cracking even under high-temperature (extrusion temperature: 300° C. to 450° C.) and high-speed (die-exit speed: 40 m/min to 80 m/min) extrusion conditions. Furthermore, the extrudate manufactured from the magnesium alloy exhibits greatly improved strength and elongation compared to existing magnesium extrudates even when the alloy does not contain a rare-earth metal.

A method and system for recovering a high yield of low carbon ferrochrome metal from chromite ore and low carbon ferrochrome metal produced by the method. A thermochemistry calculated mixture of feed materials including aluminum granules, burnt limestone, and chromite ore are provided into a DC plasma arc furnace. The aluminum granules are produced from aluminum scrap. The feed materials are heated upon entering the furnace free board through a feed mix injection system, whereupon the aluminum in the aluminum granules produces an exothermic reaction reducing the chromium oxide and iron oxides in the chromite ore to produce molten low carbon ferrochrome metal with molten slag floating thereon. The molten low carbon ferrochrome metal is extracted, solidified into ingots, crushed into coarse pieces or fines of low carbon ferrochrome metal product. The molten slag is extracted, quenched and solidified into slag particles product.

Disclosed is a chain element (2), in particular for a power transmission chain of a chain drive, made of a carbon-containing material, especially steel, characterized by a core layer (5) that has a ferritic matrix structure including at least one hard phase that is distributed therein, and a hardened peripheral layer (6) that has a martensitic structure.

A method is disclosed for pressure forming a metal preform including shock annealing of the preform and subsequently preheating the preform prior to pressure forming. Shock annealing may be carried out as differential shock annealing in which different regions of the preform are annealed to different degrees. Preheating may be carried out by differentially preheating, optionally shock preheating, different regions of the preform for preheating at least those regions of the preform which will be subject to elevated expansion during pressure forming. Shock annealing by induction heating can lower energy consumption, reduce processing times and allow for larger expansion of the preform.

In an embodiment, a method of fabricating a working component for magnetic heat exchange comprises arranging at least two articles comprising a magnetocalorically active phase and an elongated form with a long axis having a length 1 and a shortest axis having a length s, wherein 1≥1.5 s, such that the shortest axes of the at least two articles are substantially parallel to one another and securing the at least two articles in a position within the working component such that the shortest axes of the at least two articles are substantially parallel to one another within the working component.

The invention relates to a method for press hardening sheet steel components in which a blank is detached from a sheet steel band composed of a hardenable steel alloy and the blank is then austenitized, in that it is heated to a temperature greater than Ac.sub.3 and is then inserted into a forming tool and formed in the forming tool, and during the forming, is cooled at a speed greater than the critical hardening speed, characterized in that in order to inhibit microcracks of the second type from being produced during the forming and hardening process in the sheet metal blanks that are to be formed, oxygen is supplied adjacent to the positive radii and/or drawing edges; the invention also relates to a device for performing this method.

A quench system for applying cooling air to one or more hot metallic components that are supported on a component support having a substantially open construction. The quench system includes a housing having sidewalls that define a cooling chamber with peripheral portions proximate the sidewalls and a center portion spaced inwardly from the sidewalls. The quench system also includes a conveyance system that is configured to carry the component support into the center portion of the cooling chamber, as well as a forced air fan that generates a bulk flow of cooling air through the cooling chamber. The quench system further includes a plurality of nozzle baffles extending inwardly from the plurality of sidewalls to define a narrowing region within the housing between the forced air fan and the conveyance system, whereby, during operation of the fan, cooling air flowing through the peripheral portions of the cooling chamber is redirected into the center portion of the cooling chamber.