A workpiece for a fuel injection component is made of a steel having compositions, by mass %, of C: 0.08 to 0.16%, Si: 0.10 to 0.30%, Mn: 1.00 to 2.00%, S: 0.005 to 0.030%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.30%, Ni: 0.40 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.30 to 0.70%, V: 0.10 to 0.40%, s-Al: 0.001 to 0.100%, and Fe and unavoidable impurities as remaining components. After heating the workpiece to a temperature of 950 C. or more and 1350 C. or less, the workpiece is subjected to a hot forging, and thereafter cooled at an average cooling rate of 0.1 C./sec. or more in a temperature range from 800 C. to 500 C., and at the average cooling rate of 0.02 C./sec. or more and 10 C./sec. or less in the subsequent temperature range from 500 C. to 300 C. to set an area ratio of a bainite structure after hot forging to 85% or more.

High ductility steel sheet products are disclosed that have controlled compositions that, in combination with controlled heating cycles, produce desirable microstructures and favorable mechanical properties including ultimate tensile strength of at least 1180 MPa, high ductility, hole expansion, bendability and formability. Steel compositions include controlled amounts of carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, molybdenum and aluminum. Rolled sheets are subjected to a thermal cycle including a heating stage followed by quenching to below the martensite-start temperature and aging.

The method for quench seasoning multiple units of iron/steel cookware includes the steps of: preheating each cookware unit to a temperature above the smoke point of oil in an oil bath; rapidly plunging the preheated cookware units into the oil bath to completely submerge the cookware units and quickly enough to ensure the temperature of the cookware units remain above oil smoke point; controlling the temperature of the oil bath to a ensure that the temperature of the oil bath does not reach a temperature close to oil smoke point, for example, a temperature within 20 degrees below smoke point, and retrieving the cookware units from the oil bath.

The method for quench seasoning multiple units of iron/steel cookware includes the steps of: preheating each cookware unit to a temperature above the smoke point of oil in an oil bath; rapidly plunging the preheated cookware units into the oil bath to completely submerge the cookware units and quickly enough to ensure the temperature of the cookware units remain above oil smoke point; controlling the temperature of the oil bath to a ensure that the temperature of the oil bath does not reach a temperature close to oil smoke point, for example, a temperature within 20 degrees below smoke point, and retrieving the cookware units from the oil bath.

A long life live-fire target having a front, back, top, and bottom, the front including a bullet strike zone, the target constructed of a ferrous steel material. The target further includes at least one mount, the at least one mount and target formed as a single unitary structure, the at least one mount extending angularly away from the front into a mounting position, such that the at least one mount is positioned so that a bullet fired at the bullet strike zone is not likely to strike the at least one mount. The mounting position is formed when either the target is in an annealed state or the target is constructed of a soft ferrous steel. After the mounting position is formed, the target is heat treated to a hardened state. Cryogenic freezing of the target may also be performed followed by a tempering cycle.

Disclosed is a ferritic stainless steel with improved strength, workability, and corrosion resistance, which may be applied to various industrial fields, such as washing machines, refrigerators, and all kinds of electric home appliances. An embodiment of the disclosed ferritic stainless steel comprises, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.0005 to 0.02% of C, 0.005 to 0.02% of N, 0.7 to 1.0% of Si, 16.0 to 17.0% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.3% of Ti, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the ferritic stainless steel has a value of Formula (1) below satisfying 21 to 25, a tensile strength of 470 MPa or more, and an elongation of 27% or more.

7*Si+Cr(1)

In Formula (1), Si and Cr represent the contents (wt %) of the respective elements.

The present invention provides a steel material for a seismic damper, and a manufacturing method for same. The steel material comprises, in wt %, at most 0.006% of C, at most 0.05% of Si, at most 0.3% of Mn, at most 0.02% of P, at most 0.01% of S, 0.005 to 0.05% of Al, at most 0.005% of N, 48/14[N] to 0.05% of Ti (here, [N] is the nitrogen content in wt %), 0.04 to 0.15% of Nb, and the remainder in Fe and other unavoidable impurities, and has a ferrite single structure, and has a ferrite grain average particle size of 150 to 500 m in a region of a surface layer part, corresponding to 30% of the total thickness from the surface thereof.

An adjustable spacer with a non-hardened intermediate portion therebetween is mountable between a pair of roller bearings also mounted on a shaft such an axle or spindle or the like. The intermediate portion allows the spacer to collapse in the axial direction to maintain desired axial loads on the bearings.

Described is a method of modifying material properties of a workpiece using a high-pressure-torsion apparatus, comprising a working axis, a first anvil, a second anvil, and an annular body, comprising a first recirculating convective chiller, a second recirculating convective chiller, and a heater, positioned between the first recirculating convective chiller and the second recirculating convective chiller along the working axis. The method comprises compressing the workpiece along a central axis of the workpiece and. simultaneously with compressing the workpiece along the central axis, twisting the workpiece about the central axis. The method further comprises. while compressing the workpiece along the central axis and twisting the workpiece about the central axis, translating the annular body along the working, axis of the high-pressure-torsion apparatus, collinear with the central axis of the workpiece, and heating the workpiece with the heater.

Described is a method of modifying material properties of a workpiece using a high-pressure-torsion apparatus, comprising a working axis, a first anvil, a second anvil, and an annular body, comprising a first total-loss convective chiller, a second total-loss convective chiller, and a heater, positioned between the first total-loss convective chiller and the second total-loss convective chiller along the working axis. The method comprises compressing the workpiece along a central axis of the workpiece and, simultaneously with compressing the workpiece along the central axis, twisting the workpiece about the central axis. The method further comprises, while compressing the workpiece along the central axis and twisting the workpiece about the central axis, translating the annular body along the working axis of the high-pressure-torsion apparatus, collinear with the central axis of the workpiece, and heating the workpiece with the heater.