A hot stamping die includes a body having a stamping surface, and cooling channels within the body. The cooling channels are positioned to transfer heat from region(s) of the surface to the channels. The hot stamping die also includes a heating element within the body, separate and apart from the channels. The heating element is positioned to heat region(s) of the body different from the region(s) of the surface at a rate greater than heat transfer from the channels to the region(s) of the surface.

A high-pressure-torsion apparatus (100), comprising a working axis (102), a first anvil (110), a second anvil (120), and an annular body (130). The annular body (130) comprises a first total-loss convective chiller (140), a second total-loss convective chiller (150), and a heater (160). Each of the first total-loss convective chiller (140) and the second total-loss convective chiller (150) is translatable between the first anvil (110) and the second anvil (120) along the working axis (102), is configured to be thermally convectively coupled with a workpiece (190), and is configured to selectively cool the workpiece (190). The heater (160) is positioned between the first total-loss convective chiller (140) and the second total-loss convective chiller (150) along the working axis (102), is translatable between the first anvil (110) and the second anvil (120) along the working axis (102), and is configured to selectively heat the workpiece (190).

A high-pressure-torsion apparatus (100) comprises a working axis (102), a first anvil (110), a second anvil (120), and an annular body (130). The annular body (130) comprises a first conductive chiller (140), a second conductive chiller (150), and a heater (160). Each of the first conductive chiller (140) and the second conductive chiller (150) is translatable between the first anvil (110) and the second anvil (120) along the working axis (102), is configured to be thermally conductively coupled with a workpiece (190), and is configured to selectively cool the workpiece (190). The heater (160) is positioned between the first conductive chiller (140) and the second conductive chiller (150) along the working axis (102), is translatable between the first anvil (110) and the second anvil (120) along the working axis (102), and is configured to selectively heat the workpiece (190).

Disclosed are a golf putter head having high fault tolerance and a method for manufacturing the same, and a golf putter with the head. The method for manufacturing the golf putter head includes: taking or manufacturing a head body including a ball hitting panel portion, and the ball hitting panel portion including a toe portion, a middle portion, and a heel portion; performing a solution treatment on the ball hitting panel portion; and quenching the toe portion and the heel portion.

A high-pressure-torsion apparatus (100) comprises a working axis (102), a first anvil (110), a second anvil (120), and an annular body (130). The annular body (130) comprises a a first recirculating convective chiller (140), a second recirculating convective chiller (150), and a heater (160). Each of the first recirculating convective chiller (140) and the second recirculating convective chiller (150) is translatable between the first anvil (110) and the second anvil (120) along the working axis (102), is configured to be thermally convectively coupled with a workpiece (190), and is configured to selectively cool the workpiece (190). The heater (160) is positioned between the first recirculating convective chiller (140) and the second recirculating convective chiller (150) along the working axis (102), is translatable between the first anvil (110) and the second anvil (120) along the working axis (102), and is configured to selectively heat the workpiece (190).

A method of producing a case hardened workpiece of a Group IV metal including: placing a workpiece of a Group IV metal in a vessel, creating a low pressure environment in the vessel in which the pressure, pvac, is less than or equal to 10 5 bar, providing oxygen to the vessel to create a reactive atmosphere in the vessel, the reactive atmosphere comprising oxygen at a partial pressure, pO2, in the range of 10 5 bar to 0.01 bar, heating the workpiece to a hardening temperature in the range of 650 C. to 800 C. in the reactive atmosphere or before the reactive atmosphere is created, maintaining the workpiece in the reactive atmosphere at the hardening temperature for a reactive period of at least 5 hours, cooling the workpiece from the hardening temperature to ambient temperature in the reactive atmosphere or in an inert atmosphere.

A method of producing a case hardened workpiece of a Group IV metal including: placing a workpiece of a Group IV metal in a vessel, creating a low pressure environment in the vessel in which the pressure, pvac, is less than or equal to 10 5 bar, providing oxygen to the vessel to create a reactive atmosphere in the vessel, the reactive atmosphere comprising oxygen at a partial pressure, pO2, in the range of 10 5 bar to 0.01 bar, heating the workpiece to a hardening temperature in the range of 650 C. to 800 C. in the reactive atmosphere or before the reactive atmosphere is created, maintaining the workpiece in the reactive atmosphere at the hardening temperature for a reactive period of at least 5 hours, cooling the workpiece from the hardening temperature to ambient temperature in the reactive atmosphere or in an inert atmosphere.

A heat treatment device includes: a heat treatment chamber which accommodates an object to be treated; a cooling gas supply unit which supplies a cooling gas into the heat treatment chamber; a cooling gas circulation unit which circulates the cooling gas in the heat treatment chamber; and a gas purge unit which gas-purges, with an inert gas, a portion in which there is a possibility of mixing of the cooling gas supplied into the heat treatment chamber and an oxygen gas, in which the cooling gas supply unit supplies a hydrogen gas into the heat treatment chamber as the cooling gas.

A cast cylinder block for an internal combustion engine includes a first and a second cylinder bore and a shared bore wall. The first cylinder bore includes a first bore wall and the second cylinder bore includes a second bore wall. The shared cylinder bore wall includes a first portion and a second portion. A portion of the first bore wall combines with a portion of the second bore wall to form the shared cylinder bore wall. The first portion of the shared bore wall is an as-cast portion. The second portion of the shared bore wall is a metal matrix composite.

The present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel according to the present invention, containing, in mass %: 0.001%C0.020%, 0.05%Si0.50%, 0.1%Mn1.0%, 15.0%Cr25.0%, Mo<0.50%, 0.50%W5.00%, and 0.01%Nb0.50%, with a balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, having a content (coarse Laves phase ratio) of coarse Laves phase having a diameter of 0.50 m or more being 0.1% or less, and having an average grain size being 30 m or more and 200 m or less.