A flywheel energy storage system incorporates various embodiments in design and processing to achieve a very high ratio of energy stored per unit cost. The system uses a high-strength steel rotor rotating in a vacuum envelope. The rotor has a geometry that ensures high yield strength throughout its cross-section using various low-cost quenched and tempered alloy steels. Low-cost is also achieved by forging the rotor in a single piece with integral shafts. A high energy density is achieved with adequate safety margins through a pre-conditioning treatment. The bearing and suspension system utilizes an electromagnet that off-loads the rotor allowing for the use of low-cost, conventional rolling contact bearings over an operating lifetime of several years.

A process of producing a partially hardened metallic formed part comprises: heating a semi-finished product of hardenable hot-formable steel sheet to a hardening temperature; hot-forming the heated semi-finished product in a combined hot-forming cutting device into a three-dimensional formed part; cutting the formed part in the combined hot-forming cutting device; pressure-hardening the formed part in the hot-forming cutting device into a hardened formed part such that a first partial region is hardened by rapid cooling and that a second partial region of the formed part is heat-treated so as to comprise a greater ductility and a lower strength than the first partial region, wherein the operation of cutting the formed part takes place at least in one of the first and second partial region. A combined hot-forming cutting device can be used to produce a metallic formed part.

The present invention relates to a rack steel plate with a thickness up to 177.8 mm by a continuous casting slab, the constituents and mass percentages including C0.110.15%, Si0.150.35%, Mn0.951.25%, P0.010%, S0.002%, Cr0.450.75%, Mo0.40.6%, Ni1.32.6%, Cu0.20.4%, Al0.060.09%, V0.030.06%, Nb0.04%, N0.006%, B0.00101002%, the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The manufacture method includes, in sequence, KR molten steel pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting through a straight-arc continuous casting machine, shielding the continuous casting slab a cover and slowly cooling, cleaning the continuous casting slab, heating, high-pressure water descaling, control rolling, straightening, slowly cooling, quenching and tempering treatment. The rack steel plate of large thickness in present invention has advantages of high strength, good plasticity and excellent toughness at a low temperature, the process method has advantages of simple process, low cost and efficiently quick etc.

The present invention relates to steel for pressure vessels used in a boiler, a pressure vessel fittings, etc. of a power station and, more particularly, to steel for pressure vessels with excellent resistance to high-temperature tempering heat treatment and post-weld heat treatment; and a manufacturing method therefor.

Provided is a railway wheel capable of suppressing formation of pro-eutectoid cementite even if the C content is high. A railway wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention has a chemical composition consisting of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%; Si: 0.45% or less; Mn: 0.10 to 0.85%; P: 0.050% or less; S: 0.030% or less; Al: 0.120 to 0.650%; N: 0.0030 to 0.0200%; Cr: 0 to 0.25%; and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein an amount of pro-eutectoid cementite, which is defined by Formula (1), in a microstructure of the railway wheel is not more than 1.50 pieces/100 m:

Amount of pro-eutectoid cementite (pieces/ 100 m)=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 m200 m/(5.66100 m) (1)

A multilayer coating obtained by carrying out the steps of (1) applying a ZnNi layer to a substrate material, in particular to a steel; (2) carrying out a first heat treatment in a temperature range from 135-300 C., preferably from 185-220 C., for a time period of at least 4 hours, preferentially of at least 23 hours; (3) applying a metal-pigmented top coat to the ZnNi layer; and (4) carrying out a second heat treatment in a temperature range from 150-250 C., preferably from 180-200 C., for a time period of at least 10 minutes, prefer-ably of at least 20 minutes, preferentially of at least 30 minutes.

In a method for manufacturing a component containing an iron alloy material, a pulverulent pre-alloy is provided. The pre-alloy comprises, in wt. %, 0.01 to 1% C, 0.0.01 to 30% Mn, 6% Al, and 0.05 to 6.0% Si, the remainder being Fe and usual contaminants. The pulverulent pre-alloy is mixed with at least one of elementary Ag powder, elementary Au powder, elementary Pd powder and elementary Pt powder so as to produce a powder mixture containing 0.1 to 20% of at least one of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt. The powder mixture is applied onto a carrier (16) by means of a powder application device (14). Electromagnetic or particle radiation is selectively irradiated onto the powder mixture applied onto the carrier (16) by means of an irradiation device (18) so as to generate a component from the powder mixture by an additive layer construction method.

An essentially lead free steel having, in percent by weight (wt-%): Carbon: 0.39-0.43%; Manganese: 0.75-1.00%; Silicon: 0.15-0.35%; Chromium: 0.80-1.05%; Molybdenum: 0.15-0.25%; at least one of Tellurium: 0.003-0.090 wt-%, Selenium: 0.080-0.2 wt-%, Sulfur: 0.065-0.09% wt-%, and Bismuth: 0.03-0.1 wt-%; and the balance being Fe and normally occurring scrap steel impurities. A method for manufacturing an essentially lead free steel by subjecting a hot-rolled steel product to a heat treatment in which the steel product is subjected to a first temperature for a first duration; the steel product is subjected to a second temperature for a second duration, wherein the second temperature is less than the first temperature; and the steel product is subjected to a third temperature for a third time period, wherein the third temperature is greater than the second temperature; and cooling the steel product. After the heat treatment the steel is cold worked to the desired size.

A steel comprising 0.07 to 0.14 wt. % of carbon, 13 to 15 wt. % of chromium, 1.3 to 1.7 wt. % of molybdenum, 1.5 to 2.0 wt. % of nickel and 1.0 to 1.5 wt. % of manganese and use of the steel for producing screws is provided.

A track link includes an elongate link body formed of a link body material that varies in hardness to form a first lower hardness zone, a second lower hardness zone, and a higher hardness zone. The higher hardness zone includes an upper rail surface of the elongate link body and extends substantially throughout the elongate link body outside of the first and second lower hardness zones, which surround the track pin bores. Related methodology for making a track link is also disclosed.