System and methods relating to in-line heat-treating, hardening and tempering of material, such as for example, coiled steel into a roll-formed, hardened and tempered structural member having uniform or different targeted properties in selected zones of the structural member. The different targeted properties may be achieved by heating and/or cooling the material subject to certain parameters.

A carburized shaft part having a predetermined composition, a C content at a surface layer part of a mass % of 0.60 to 1.00%, at least one hole at an outer circumferential surface, a total volume ratio of martensite and retained austenite of 97% or more at a structure at a position of a 1 mm depth from the outer circumferential surface in an axial direction of the hole and a position of a 20 m depth from the surface of the hole, a maximum retained austenite volume ratio (R1) of 10.0 to 30.0% at a position of a 1 mm depth from the outer circumferential surface in the axial direction of the hole and a range up to a 200 m depth from the surface of the hole, and a retained austenite reduction ratio of 20% or more found from R1 and the retained austenite volume ratio (R2) at a position of a 1 mm depth from the outer circumferential surface in the axial direction of the hole and a position of a 20 m depth from the surface of the hole by the formula (A): =(R1R)/R1100.

A method and arrangement for manufacturing hot dip galvanized rolled high strength steel product is presented. The method comprises providing a rolled steel product, heating and annealing the rolled steel product for creating a layer of iron oxide on the surface of the rolled steel product, cooling the rolled steel product, having the iron oxide layer, in a first cooling step to a temperature in a temperature range of 560-600 C. and holding for 3-10 seconds, quenching said rolled steel product, covered with the layer of iron oxide, in a second cooling step by immersing it into a zinc bath comprising aluminium and having a temperature between 440-450 C. for 1-5 seconds and cooling the rolled steel product in a third cooling step to room temperature. An arrangement for implementing the method is also presented.

A metal plate used for manufacturing a deposition mask has a thickness of equal to or less than 30 m. An average cross-sectional area of the crystals grains on a cross section of the metal plate is from 0.5 m.sup.2 to 50 m.sup.2. The average cross-sectional area of crystal grains is calculated by analyzing measurement results obtained by an EBSD method, the measuring results being analyzed by an area method under conditions where a portion with a difference in crystal orientation of 5 degrees or more is recognized as a crystal grain boundary.

The present invention relates to an air conditioner. The air conditioner according to the present embodiment has a refrigeration capacity of 2 kW to 7 kW, inclusive, and uses R410a as a refrigerant circulating therein, and since a refrigerant pipe therein includes a ductile stainless steel pipe made of a material containing, at least, chrome (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), the refrigerant pipe can maintain strength and hardness as good as or better than those of a copper pipe, while also maintaining good processability.

The present invention relates to an air conditioner. The air conditioner according to the present embodiment has a refrigeration capacity of 16 kW to 28 kW, inclusive, and uses a single refrigerant R32 as a refrigerant, and a refrigerant pipe therein includes a ductile stainless steel pipe having 1% or less of a delta-ferrite matrix structure with respect to the grain size area thereof.

A railway wheel in which formation of pro-eutectoid cementite is suppressed is stably produced.

After heating an intermediate product containing, in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15% to a temperature not less than A.sub.cm transformation point, the intermediate product is cooled such that the cooling rate ( C./sec) in a range from 800 to 500 C. satisfies the following conditions: Surface other than the tread and the flange surface: not more than Fn1 defined by Formula (1), Cooling rate in a region in which cooling rate is slowest: not less than Fn2 defined by Formula (1), and Tread and flange surface: not less than Fn2:

Fn1=5.0+exp(5.6511.427C1.280Si0.7723Mn1.815Cr1.519Al7.798V)(1)

Fn2=0.515+exp(24.816+24.121C+1.210Si+0.529Mn+2.458Cr15.116Al5.116V)(2)

A method for manufacturing a blade, the method includes casting a nickel alloy blade precursor having an airfoil and a root. The airfoil and the root are solution heat treating differently from each other. After the solution heat treating, the root is wrought processed. After the wrought processing, an exterior of the root is machined.

The present disclosure provides a 6xxx-series aluminum alloy sheet for an inner panel of a hood, and a preparation method and use thereof. The aluminum alloy sheet includes the following compositions in percentage by weight: 0.75%-0.95% of Si, 0.15%-0.35% of Mg, 0.2%-0.4% of Fe, 0.05%-0.2% of Mn, 0.06%-0.2% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.15% of Cu, and less than or equal to 0.15% of inevitable impurities in total amount, where each inevitable impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, the balance is Al, and an atomic ratio of Mg to Si is (0.18-0.54):1. The sheet has high formability hood. After baking, the sheet has low yield strength on the premise of maintaining strength slightly exceeding strength requirement of a support structure, and further has a low strain rate sensitivity coefficient, satisfying the pedestrian protection requirement. The aluminum alloy sheet is conducive to recycle and remanufacture.

The present invention relates to an air conditioner. The air conditioner according to the present embodiment has a refrigeration capacity of 7 kW to 11 kW, inclusive, and uses a refrigerant R134a as a refrigerant, and since a refrigerant pipe therein is made of a ductile stainless steel material having 1% or less of a delta-ferrite matrix structure with respect to the grain size area thereof, and includes a suction pipe guiding the suction of the refrigerant into a compressor and having an outer diameter of 15.88 mm, the refrigerant pipe can maintain strength and hardness as good as or better than those of a copper pipe, while also maintaining good processability.