Compositions and methods are provided that provide recovery of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, indium, and other metals are recovered from mine tailings, in situ ore bodies, or postconsumer waste. An amine-containing lixiviant is utilized to generate an aqueous solution of the desired metal from insoluble salts present in the source material. Metals can be recovered and further purified by various processes, including extraction into an immiscible organic solvent, electrowinning, crystallization, and chemical reduction. Spent lixiviant can be regenerated and recycled back into the metal recovery process.

Compositions and methods are provided that provide recovery of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, indium, and other metals are recovered from mine tailings, in situ ore bodies, or postconsumer waste. An amine-containing lixiviant is utilized to generate an aqueous solution of the desired metal from insoluble salts present in the source material. Metals can be recovered and further purified by various processes, including extraction into an immiscible organic solvent, electrowinning, crystallization, and chemical reduction. Spent lixiviant can be regenerated and recycled back into the metal recovery process.

A method for recycling copper indium gallium selenium materials comprises the steps of sulphating roasting, acid dissolution, extraction and electrolysis of metal copper, production of a gallium hydroxide deposition, replacement of indium, and the like. In the method, deselenization is carried by using sulphating roasting, and residues after roasting are oxidizing slags capable of being directly subjected to acid dissolution, thereby reducing acid gas pollution; in addition, copper is extracted by using a copper extractant, the separation effect is good and costs are low, the extracted copper can be directly electrolyzed, so as to obtain high-purity metal copper; and in another aspect, in the method, alkali separation of gallium is carried out, separation between indium and gallium can be implemented by merely adjusting the pH of a solution, thereby resolving the problem of co-extraction in the extraction of indium and gallium and the separation between indium and gallium, the separation effect is good, the purities of obtained indium and gallium products are high.

A method for recycling copper indium gallium selenium materials comprises the steps of sulphating roasting, acid dissolution, extraction and electrolysis of metal copper, production of a gallium hydroxide deposition, replacement of indium, and the like. In the method, deselenization is carried by using sulphating roasting, and residues after roasting are oxidizing slags capable of being directly subjected to acid dissolution, thereby reducing acid gas pollution; in addition, copper is extracted by using a copper extractant, the separation effect is good and costs are low, the extracted copper can be directly electrolyzed, so as to obtain high-purity metal copper; and in another aspect, in the method, alkali separation of gallium is carried out, separation between indium and gallium can be implemented by merely adjusting the pH of a solution, thereby resolving the problem of co-extraction in the extraction of indium and gallium and the separation between indium and gallium, the separation effect is good, the purities of obtained indium and gallium products are high.

The ability to generate complex gallium alloys using metal amides, Ga(NR.sub.2).sub.3 and M(NR.sub.2).sub.n, is easily accomplished by heating the two metal amides in predetermined ratios. The product can be isolated as Ga.sub.xM.sub.y where x and y can vary.

The ability to generate complex gallium alloys using metal amides, Ga(NR.sub.2).sub.3 and M(NR.sub.2).sub.n, is easily accomplished by heating the two metal amides in predetermined ratios. The product can be isolated as Ga.sub.xM.sub.y where x and y can vary.

A reduction device using a liquid metal, which can improve the oxidation reaction of a reducing agent for reducing a material to be reduced using a liquid metal, while simultaneously effectively controlling the same. The reduction device according to the present invention comprises: a storage unit in which the liquid metal is supplied and stored; a reducing agent positioned in the storage unit; a reduction unit positioned on a side of the storage unit, which receives a material to be reduced and enables fluid communication with the storage unit; and a liquid metal storage unit. According to the present invention, a reducing agent, which has strong reducing ability, is sublimated using a liquid metal, thereby further improving the reduction capability, and the same is also controlled precisely, thereby removing restrictions on use resulting from the explosive reaction of the reducing agent and guaranteeing efficient operation.

A reduction device using a liquid metal, which can improve the oxidation reaction of a reducing agent for reducing a material to be reduced using a liquid metal, while simultaneously effectively controlling the same. The reduction device according to the present invention comprises: a storage unit in which the liquid metal is supplied and stored; a reducing agent positioned in the storage unit; a reduction unit positioned on a side of the storage unit, which receives a material to be reduced and enables fluid communication with the storage unit; and a liquid metal storage unit. According to the present invention, a reducing agent, which has strong reducing ability, is sublimated using a liquid metal, thereby further improving the reduction capability, and the same is also controlled precisely, thereby removing restrictions on use resulting from the explosive reaction of the reducing agent and guaranteeing efficient operation.

The present disclosure relates to a process for purifying and concentrating .sup.68Ga isotope produced by irradiation with an accelerated particle beam of a .sup.68Zn target in solution. The process according to the present disclosure allows for the production of pure and concentrated .sup.68Ga isotope in hydrochloric acid solution. The present disclosure also relates to a disposable cassette for performing the steps of purification and concentration of the process.

The present disclosure relates to a process for purifying and concentrating .sup.68Ga isotope produced by irradiation with an accelerated particle beam of a .sup.68Zn target in solution. The process according to the present disclosure allows for the production of pure and concentrated .sup.68Ga isotope in hydrochloric acid solution. The present disclosure also relates to a disposable cassette for performing the steps of purification and concentration of the process.