Metal compositions and production processes are described. A process for the production of a metal composition includes a first distillation step separating off by evaporation primarily lead from a solder mixture of lead, tin, and antimony, thereby producing as a first concentrated lead stream. The process includes a second distillation step separating primarily lead and antimony from the metal composition, thereby producing a second concentrated lead stream and a second bottom product. The method also includes a third distillation step separating primarily lead and antimony from the second concentrated lead stream, thereby producing a third concentrated lead stream and a third bottom product.

An aircraft engine-part including at least a metal substrate and a protective coating for protection against erosion that is present on the substrate, the coating including at least one phase including at least chromium at an atom content greater than or equal to 45% and carbon at an atom content lying in the range 5% to 20%, the phase including Cr.sub.7C.sub.3 and Cr.sub.23C.sub.6 chromium carbides. A method of fabricating such a part in which electroplating is used to deposit a coating composition on the part and the part is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature lying in the range 250 C to 70 C.

Provided herein are anodized quality AA5xxx series aluminum alloys and methods for making the aluminum alloys. Also described herein are products prepared from the anodized quality AA5xxx series aluminum alloy sheets. Such products include consumer electronic parts, consumer electronic product parts, architectural sheet products, architectural sheet product parts, and automobile body parts.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an anodizable aluminum clad sheet may comprise a base material including a 7xxx-series aluminum alloy and a coat material including a 6xxx-series aluminum alloy or a 1xxx-series aluminum alloy disposed on one or both front and back surfaces of the base material, wherein the 7xxx-series aluminum alloy includes 4.0% to 8.0% of zinc (Zn) relative to a total weight of the aluminum clad sheet, 1.0% to 3.0% of magnesium (Mg) relative to the total weight of the aluminum clad sheet, and the rest being aluminum (Al) and at least one other impurity. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing an aluminum clad sheet may enhance the adhesion strength of the clad sheet by employing thermal treatment after forming the clad sheet and may age-harden the clad sheet without deteriorating strength, thereby achieving superior surface and engineering properties.

Device and method for melt treatment of aluminium alloys having excessive inclusions, impurities and unwanted gases to be removed, by (a) cooling the melt at an appropriate cooling rate to a temperature below the liquidus by shearing the melt associated with the introduction of at least one type of inert gases into the melt to form fine bubbles and high shear in the melt, and (b) purifying inclusions in the melt by floating them to the top surface, degassing the undesirable gases by reacting with the inert gas, and forming solid intermetallics containing impurity elements and transferring the melt mixture by the shearing device into a holding furnace, and (c) maintaining the melt in the holding furnace at a temperature below the liquidus and above the solidus temperature to settle the solid intermetallics formed by impurity elements as sediment at the bottom of the holding furnace while flowing the melt with much reduced inclusions, impurities and unwanted gases out of the holding furnace as applicable materials. The method is advantageously applicable for upgrading aluminium alloys from recycled and/or scrapped materials.

A nickel-based alloy composition consisting, in weight percent, of: 1.5 to 4.5% aluminium, 1.1 to 3.4% titanium, 0.0 to 4.0% niobium, 0.0 to 5.2% tantalum, 0.9 to 6.6% tungsten, 0.0 to 3.0% molybdenum, 0.0 to 24.0% cobalt, 12.5 to 20.6% chromium, 0.02 to 0.15% carbon, 0.001 to 0.015% boron, 0.0 to 0.1% zirconium, 0.0 to 3.0% rhenium, 0.0 to 2.0% ruthenium, 0.0 to 3.0% iridium, 0.0 to 0.5% vanadium, 0.0 to 1.0% palladium, 0.0 to 1.0% platinum, 0.0 to 0.5% silicon, 0.0 to 0.1% yttrium, 0.0 to 0.1% lanthanum, 0.0 to 0.1% cerium, 0.0 to 0.003% sulphur, 0.0 to 0.25% manganese, 0.0 to 0.1 magnesium, 0.0 to 5.0% iron, 0.0 to 0.5% copper, 0.0 to 1.0% hafnium, the balance being nickel and incidental impurities, wherein the following equations are satisfied in which W.sub.Al, W.sub.Ti, W.sub.Nb, W.sub.Ta and W.sub.W are the weight percent of aluminium, titanium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten in the alloy respectively

[00001]$0.650.3W_{\mathrm{Nb}}+0.15W_{\mathrm{Ta}}3.6W_{\mathrm{Al}}+0.5W_{\mathrm{Ti}}+0.3W_{\mathrm{Nb}}+0.15W_{\mathrm{Ta}}5.7W_{\mathrm{Ta}}+0.92W_{W}6.1$

A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.

A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.

A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.

A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.