An embodiment relates to an ultrasonic additive manufacturing process, comprising joining a foil comprising a bulk metallic glass to a substrate; and forming a cladded composite comprising the foil and the substrate; wherein a thickness of the cladded composite is greater than a critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass, wherein the cladded composite comprises a cladding layer of the bulk metallic glass on the substrate and the bulk metallic glass comprises approximately 0% crystallinity, approximately 0% porosity, less than 50 MPa thermal stress, approximately 0% distortion, approximately 0 inch heat affected zone, approximately 0% dilution, and a strength of about 2,000-3,500 MPa.

An embodiment relates to an ultrasonic additive manufacturing process, comprising joining a foil comprising a bulk metallic glass to a substrate; and forming a cladded composite comprising the foil and the substrate; wherein a thickness of the cladded composite is greater than a critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass, wherein the cladded composite comprises a cladding layer of the bulk metallic glass on the substrate and the bulk metallic glass comprises approximately 0% crystallinity, approximately 0% porosity, less than 50 MPa thermal stress, approximately 0% distortion, approximately 0 inch heat affected zone, approximately 0% dilution, and a strength of about 2,000-3,500 MPa.

To provide a titanium alloy with superior corrosion resistance. The titanium alloy, having α- and β-phases, containing: by mass %, Fe: 0.010 to 0.300%, Ru: 0.010 to 0.150%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, Ni: 0 to 0.30%, Mo: 0 to 0.10%, Pt: 0 to 0.10%, Pd: 0 to 0.20%, Ir: 0 to 0.10%, Os: 0 to 0.10%, Rh: 0 to 0.10%, one type or two or more types of La, Ce, and Nd: 0 to 0.10% in total, one type or two or more types of Cu, Mn, Sn, and Zr: 0 to 0.20% in total, C: 0.10% or less, N: 0.05% or less, 0: 0.20% or less, H: 0.100% or less, with the balance made up of Ti and impurities, wherein an average A-value in Expression (1), which represents a composition ratio of elements contained in β-phase crystal grains, is in a range of 0.550 to 2.000, is used.

To provide a titanium alloy with superior corrosion resistance. The titanium alloy, having α- and β-phases, containing: by mass %, Fe: 0.010 to 0.300%, Ru: 0.010 to 0.150%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, Ni: 0 to 0.30%, Mo: 0 to 0.10%, Pt: 0 to 0.10%, Pd: 0 to 0.20%, Ir: 0 to 0.10%, Os: 0 to 0.10%, Rh: 0 to 0.10%, one type or two or more types of La, Ce, and Nd: 0 to 0.10% in total, one type or two or more types of Cu, Mn, Sn, and Zr: 0 to 0.20% in total, C: 0.10% or less, N: 0.05% or less, 0: 0.20% or less, H: 0.100% or less, with the balance made up of Ti and impurities, wherein an average A-value in Expression (1), which represents a composition ratio of elements contained in β-phase crystal grains, is in a range of 0.550 to 2.000, is used.

The present invention relates to a spiral spring for a balance wheel made of an alloy of niobium and titanium with an essentially single-phase structure, and the method of manufacture thereof which comprises: a step of producing a blank in a niobium-based alloy consisting of: niobium: balance to 100 wt %, titanium: between 40 and 49 wt %, traces of elements selected from the group consisting of O, H, C, Fe, Ta, N, Ni, Si, Cu, Al, between 0 and 1600 ppm by weight individually, and cumulatively less than 0.3 wt %, a step of type β hardening of said blank at a given diameter, in such a way that the titanium of the niobium-based alloy is essentially in the form of a solid solution with niobium in β phase, the content of titanium in α phase being less than or equal to 10 vol %, at least one deformation step of said alloy alternating with at least one step of heat treatment, the number of steps of heat treatment and of deformation being limited so that the niobium-based alloy obtained retains a structure in which the titanium of the niobium-based alloy is essentially in the form of a solid solution with niobium in β phase, the content of titanium in α phase being less than or equal to 10 vol % and it has an elastic limit greater than or equal to 600 MPa and an elastic modulus less than or equal to 100 GPa, a step of winding to form the spiral spring being carried out before the last heat treatment step.

The present invention relates to a spiral spring for a balance wheel made of an alloy of niobium and titanium with an essentially single-phase structure, and the method of manufacture thereof which comprises: a step of producing a blank in a niobium-based alloy consisting of: niobium: balance to 100 wt %, titanium: between 40 and 49 wt %, traces of elements selected from the group consisting of O, H, C, Fe, Ta, N, Ni, Si, Cu, Al, between 0 and 1600 ppm by weight individually, and cumulatively less than 0.3 wt %, a step of type β hardening of said blank at a given diameter, in such a way that the titanium of the niobium-based alloy is essentially in the form of a solid solution with niobium in β phase, the content of titanium in α phase being less than or equal to 10 vol %, at least one deformation step of said alloy alternating with at least one step of heat treatment, the number of steps of heat treatment and of deformation being limited so that the niobium-based alloy obtained retains a structure in which the titanium of the niobium-based alloy is essentially in the form of a solid solution with niobium in β phase, the content of titanium in α phase being less than or equal to 10 vol % and it has an elastic limit greater than or equal to 600 MPa and an elastic modulus less than or equal to 100 GPa, a step of winding to form the spiral spring being carried out before the last heat treatment step.

A hydrogenation-dehydrogenation method for a TiAl alloy includes performing hydrogenation treatment of the TiAl alloy in an environment of a set temperature equal to or higher than a temperature at which phase transformation to a β phase starts; and performing dehydrogenation treatment of the TiAl alloy which has been subjected to the hydrogenation treatment. The set temperature ranges from 1,100° C. to 1,600° C.

A hydrogenation-dehydrogenation method for a TiAl alloy includes performing hydrogenation treatment of the TiAl alloy in an environment of a set temperature equal to or higher than a temperature at which phase transformation to a β phase starts; and performing dehydrogenation treatment of the TiAl alloy which has been subjected to the hydrogenation treatment. The set temperature ranges from 1,100° C. to 1,600° C.

A method for producing a metal ingot by using an electron-beam melting furnace having an electron gun and a hearth that accumulates a molten metal of a metal raw material, wherein the metal raw material is supplied to the position on a supply line disposed along a second side wall of the hearth that accumulates the molten metal of the metal raw material. A first electron beam is radiated along a first irradiation line that is disposed along the supply line and is closer to a central part of the hearth relative to the supply line on the surface of the molten metal, wherein a surface temperature (T2) of the molten metal at the first irradiation line is made higher than an average surface temperature (T0) of the entire surface of the molten metal in the hearth.

A method for producing a metal ingot by using an electron-beam melting furnace having an electron gun and a hearth that accumulates a molten metal of a metal raw material, wherein the metal raw material is supplied to the position on a supply line disposed along a second side wall of the hearth that accumulates the molten metal of the metal raw material. A first electron beam is radiated along a first irradiation line that is disposed along the supply line and is closer to a central part of the hearth relative to the supply line on the surface of the molten metal, wherein a surface temperature (T2) of the molten metal at the first irradiation line is made higher than an average surface temperature (T0) of the entire surface of the molten metal in the hearth.