An object of the present invention is to reduce a variation in the component of a MnAl alloy deposited by a molten salt electrolysis method to thereby obtain high magnetic characteristics. In a MnAl alloy manufacturing method that electrolyzes molten salt containing a Mn compound and an Al compound to deposit a MnAl alloy, the MnAl alloy is additionally charged into the molten salt during electrolysis. According to the present invention, the concentration of the Mn compound is maintained by additional charging of the Mn compound, so that it is possible to reduce a variation in the composition of the MnAl alloy to be deposited to thereby maintain stable production conditions.

An object of the present invention is to reduce a variation in the component of a MnAl alloy deposited by a molten salt electrolysis method to thereby obtain high magnetic characteristics. In a MnAl alloy manufacturing method that electrolyzes molten salt containing a Mn compound and an Al compound to deposit a MnAl alloy, the MnAl alloy is additionally charged into the molten salt during electrolysis. According to the present invention, the concentration of the Mn compound is maintained by additional charging of the Mn compound, so that it is possible to reduce a variation in the composition of the MnAl alloy to be deposited to thereby maintain stable production conditions.

The invention provides an alloy comprising e.g. manganese, iron, vanadium, phosphor and silicon. The invention also provides an apparatus comprising a magnetic field generator, a heat sink, the thermo element, a heat source, and a control system, wherein in a controlling mode the control system is configured to select between (i) a first configuration wherein the magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field, the thermo element is exposed to the magnetic field, and heat from the thermo element is transferred to the heat sink, and (ii) a second configuration, wherein the thermo element is not exposed to the magnetic field, and heat from a heat source is transferred to the thermo element.

The invention provides an alloy comprising e.g. manganese, iron, vanadium, phosphor and silicon. The invention also provides an apparatus comprising a magnetic field generator, a heat sink, the thermo element, a heat source, and a control system, wherein in a controlling mode the control system is configured to select between (i) a first configuration wherein the magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field, the thermo element is exposed to the magnetic field, and heat from the thermo element is transferred to the heat sink, and (ii) a second configuration, wherein the thermo element is not exposed to the magnetic field, and heat from a heat source is transferred to the thermo element.

A hot stamped steel includes a base material, a plated layer that is formed on a surface of the base material, and an oxide film that is formed on a surface of the plated layer; chemical composition of the plated layer contains 20.00 to 45.00 mass % of Al, 10.00 to 45.00 mass % of Fe, 4.50 to 15.00 mass % of Mg, 0.10 to 3.00 mass % of Si, 0.05 to 3.00 mass % of Ca, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Sb, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Pb, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Cu, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Sn, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Ti, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Sr, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Cr, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Ni, and 0 to 1.00 mass % of Mn with a remainder of Zn and impurities; and chemical composition of the oxide film contains 20.0 to 55.0 at % of Mg, 0.5 to 15.0 at % of Ca, 0 to 15.0 at % of Zn, and 0 at % or more and less than 10.0 at % of Al with a remainder of O and a total of 5.0 at % or less of impurities, and the adhesion amount of the oxide film per one surface is in a range of 0.01 to 10 g/m.sup.2.

A hot stamped steel includes a base material, a plated layer that is formed on a surface of the base material, and an oxide film that is formed on a surface of the plated layer; chemical composition of the plated layer contains 20.00 to 45.00 mass % of Al, 10.00 to 45.00 mass % of Fe, 4.50 to 15.00 mass % of Mg, 0.10 to 3.00 mass % of Si, 0.05 to 3.00 mass % of Ca, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Sb, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Pb, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Cu, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Sn, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Ti, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Sr, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Cr, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Ni, and 0 to 1.00 mass % of Mn with a remainder of Zn and impurities; and chemical composition of the oxide film contains 20.0 to 55.0 at % of Mg, 0.5 to 15.0 at % of Ca, 0 to 15.0 at % of Zn, and 0 at % or more and less than 10.0 at % of Al with a remainder of O and a total of 5.0 at % or less of impurities, and the adhesion amount of the oxide film per one surface is in a range of 0.01 to 10 g/m.sup.2.

Provided is a refined Goss-grain aluminum alloy plate and a preparation method thereof. The refined Goss-grain aluminum alloy plate includes the following compositions: 3.7-4.8 wt % of Cu, 1.2-1.7 wt % of Mg, 0.3-0.8 wt % of Mn, 0.03-0.10 wt % of Ti, and the balance of Al. The refined Goss-grain aluminum alloy plate is prepared by a method including subjecting an AlCuMg alloy ingot with a certain composition to a homogenizing at a temperature of 470-505? C., a hot rolling at high temperature of 465-495? C. with a large deformation of 80%-98% and a high final temperature, then directly to a cold rolling with a small or medium deformation of 5% to 50%, and then to a recrystallization and annealing treatment at a temperature of 300-450? C., a solid solution treatment at a temperature of 460-505? C., and a natural aging treatment for at least 96 hours.

Provided is a refined Goss-grain aluminum alloy plate and a preparation method thereof. The refined Goss-grain aluminum alloy plate includes the following compositions: 3.7-4.8 wt % of Cu, 1.2-1.7 wt % of Mg, 0.3-0.8 wt % of Mn, 0.03-0.10 wt % of Ti, and the balance of Al. The refined Goss-grain aluminum alloy plate is prepared by a method including subjecting an AlCuMg alloy ingot with a certain composition to a homogenizing at a temperature of 470-505? C., a hot rolling at high temperature of 465-495? C. with a large deformation of 80%-98% and a high final temperature, then directly to a cold rolling with a small or medium deformation of 5% to 50%, and then to a recrystallization and annealing treatment at a temperature of 300-450? C., a solid solution treatment at a temperature of 460-505? C., and a natural aging treatment for at least 96 hours.

The claimed invention provides a wet chemical method to prepare manganese bismuth nanoparticles having a particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm. When annealed at 550 to 600K in a field of 0 to 3 T the nanoparticles exhibit a coercivity of approximately 1 T and are suitable for utility as a permanent magnet material. A permanent magnet containing the annealed MnBi nanoparticles is also provided.

The claimed invention provides a wet chemical method to prepare manganese bismuth nanoparticles having a particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm. When annealed at 550 to 600K in a field of 0 to 3 T the nanoparticles exhibit a coercivity of approximately 1 T and are suitable for utility as a permanent magnet material. A permanent magnet containing the annealed MnBi nanoparticles is also provided.