A core-inlaid high manganese steel frog structure includes a high manganese steel frog body and an inlaid core. The high manganese steel frog body includes a swing track connecting section, a frog central section and a frog-and-track connecting section. The wing track connecting section and the frog-and-track connecting section are respectively arranged on front and rear ends of the frog central section. A mounting groove for cooperatively mounting the inlaid core is arranged in front of the frog central section. The high manganese steel frog body and the inlaid core are detachably connected. The high manganese steel frog body and the inlaid core are detachably connected, which facilitates replacement of vulnerable parts, saves cost, and meets user requirements. The material and production procedure for the high-manganese steel frog body can be different from those for the inlaid core, which helps further improve the performance of the inlaid core.

Some variations provide a metal-alloy biphasic system containing a first metal M.sup.1 and a second metal M.sup.2, wherein a second metal phase has a melting temperature lower than that of a first metal phase, and wherein the metal-alloy biphasic system has a hierarchical microstructure containing a second length scale that is at least one order of magnitude smaller than a first length scale. Some variations provide a metal-alloy biphasic system containing a first metal M.sup.1 and a second metal M.sup.2, wherein a second metal phase has a melting temperature lower than that of a first metal phase, and wherein the first metal phase forms a continuous network. Other variations provide a metal-alloy biphasic powder containing at least a first metal and a second metal, wherein the solubility of first metal in second metal is less than 5%. Methods of making and using the powders and biphasic system are disclosed.

Some variations provide a metal-alloy biphasic system containing a first metal M.sup.1 and a second metal M.sup.2, wherein a second metal phase has a melting temperature lower than that of a first metal phase, and wherein the metal-alloy biphasic system has a hierarchical microstructure containing a second length scale that is at least one order of magnitude smaller than a first length scale. Some variations provide a metal-alloy biphasic system containing a first metal M.sup.1 and a second metal M.sup.2, wherein a second metal phase has a melting temperature lower than that of a first metal phase, and wherein the first metal phase forms a continuous network. Other variations provide a metal-alloy biphasic powder containing at least a first metal and a second metal, wherein the solubility of first metal in second metal is less than 5%. Methods of making and using the powders and biphasic system are disclosed.

A thermosensitive actuating unit which uses an alloy containing maganese and of which the contained maganese is less likely to be corroded. Provided is a thermosensitive actuating unit which is constituted to have a thermosensitive actuating element which has a manganese surface and a plating layer which covers the manganese surface.

A thermosensitive actuating unit which uses an alloy containing maganese and of which the contained maganese is less likely to be corroded. Provided is a thermosensitive actuating unit which is constituted to have a thermosensitive actuating element which has a manganese surface and a plating layer which covers the manganese surface.

A method of increasing volume ratio of magnetic particles in a MnBi alloy includes operating a jet miller fed with a MnBi alloy powder containing magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles with gas flow parameters selected such that, only for the magnetic particles, a gas drag force is greater than a centrifugal force within the jet miller to separate the magnetic particles from the non-magnetic particles.

A method of increasing volume ratio of magnetic particles in a MnBi alloy includes operating a jet miller fed with a MnBi alloy powder containing magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles with gas flow parameters selected such that, only for the magnetic particles, a gas drag force is greater than a centrifugal force within the jet miller to separate the magnetic particles from the non-magnetic particles.

An internal structure of a magnetic material is phase-separated into at least a first phase and a second phase. At least one of the first phase and the second phase includes a compound having a perovskite structure. The first phase and the second phase include Mn, Sn, and N. According to this, it is possible to obtain a magnetic material in which magnetic properties such as a coercive force are improved. In addition, in a case where a rare-earth element is not included in elements that constitute the magnetic material, it is possible to obtain a magnetic material having corrosion resistance.

An internal structure of a magnetic material is phase-separated into at least a first phase and a second phase. At least one of the first phase and the second phase includes a compound having a perovskite structure. The first phase and the second phase include Mn, Sn, and N. According to this, it is possible to obtain a magnetic material in which magnetic properties such as a coercive force are improved. In addition, in a case where a rare-earth element is not included in elements that constitute the magnetic material, it is possible to obtain a magnetic material having corrosion resistance.

A tribological system may include a valve seat ring composed of a sintered material and a valve having a surface at least in a seat region that may be at least one of (i) untreated, (ii) hardened, and (iii) plated. The sintered material may be a pressed and sintered powder mixture having a composition that may include (i) 5 to 45 wt % of at least one Fe-based hard phase, (ii) 0 to 2 wt % of each of graphite particles, MnS powder, MoS.sub.2 powder, and FeP powder, (iii) 0 to 7 wt % copper powder and 0 to 4 wt % Co powder, (iv) 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of a pressing aid, (v) a high-speed steel having a composition including 14-18 wt % Cr, 1.2-1.9 wt % C, 0.1-0.9 wt % Si, 0.5-2.5 wt % of each of V, W, and Mo, and (vi) a balance of Fe and production-related impurities in quantities of <1.5 wt %.