Provided in one embodiment is a method of identifying a stable phase of an ordering binary alloy system comprising a solute element and a solvent element, the method comprising: determining at least three thermodynamic parameters associated with grain boundary segregation, phase separation, and intermetallic compound formation of the ordering binary alloy system; and identifying the stable phase of the ordering binary alloy system based on the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter by comparing the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter with a predetermined set of respective thermodynamic parameters to identify the stable phase; wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase.

Provided in one embodiment is a method of identifying a stable phase of an ordering binary alloy system comprising a solute element and a solvent element, the method comprising: determining at least three thermodynamic parameters associated with grain boundary segregation, phase separation, and intermetallic compound formation of the ordering binary alloy system; and identifying the stable phase of the ordering binary alloy system based on the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter by comparing the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter with a predetermined set of respective thermodynamic parameters to identify the stable phase; wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase.

A spark plug ignition tip for an electrode of a spark plug device, in particular a prechamber spark plug, having a base body that has a first axial end, a second axial end and a circumferential section situated between them; the base body contains a precious metal or precious metal alloy; the first axial end and/or the circumferential section is embodied for fastening the base body to an electrode; the second axial end has a dome-shaped section; and the base body is produced by powder metallurgy.

A spark plug ignition tip for an electrode of a spark plug device, in particular a prechamber spark plug, having a base body that has a first axial end, a second axial end and a circumferential section situated between them; the base body contains a precious metal or precious metal alloy; the first axial end and/or the circumferential section is embodied for fastening the base body to an electrode; the second axial end has a dome-shaped section; and the base body is produced by powder metallurgy.

Embodiments are directed to radiopaque implantable structures (e.g., stents) formed of cobalt-based alloys that comprise cobalt, chromium, tungsten, and nickel. Tungsten is present above its solubility limit (about 15%), but is still only present as a super-saturated, primarily single-phase material exhibiting an FCC microcrystalline structure.

Identifying a stable phase of a binary alloy comprising a solute element and a solvent element. In one example, at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the binary alloy are determined, and the stable phase of the binary alloy is identified based on the first thermodynamic parameter and the second thermodynamic parameter, wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase. In different aspects, an enthalpy of mixing of the binary alloy may be calculated as a first thermodynamic parameter, and an enthalpy of segregation of the binary alloy may be calculated as a second thermodynamic parameter. In another example, a diagram delineating a plurality of regions respectively representing different stable phases of at least one binary alloy is employed, wherein respective regions of the plurality of regions are delineated by at least one boundary determined as a function of at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the at least one binary alloy.

Identifying a stable phase of a binary alloy comprising a solute element and a solvent element. In one example, at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the binary alloy are determined, and the stable phase of the binary alloy is identified based on the first thermodynamic parameter and the second thermodynamic parameter, wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase. In different aspects, an enthalpy of mixing of the binary alloy may be calculated as a first thermodynamic parameter, and an enthalpy of segregation of the binary alloy may be calculated as a second thermodynamic parameter. In another example, a diagram delineating a plurality of regions respectively representing different stable phases of at least one binary alloy is employed, wherein respective regions of the plurality of regions are delineated by at least one boundary determined as a function of at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the at least one binary alloy.

According to one embodiment, a thermoelectric material are provided. The thermoelectric material includes a sintered body formed of p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials for the thermoelectric conversion element. The thermoelectric materials have a MgAgAs type crystal structure as a main phase. An area ratio of internal defects of the thermoelectric materials for one thermoelectric conversion element is 10% or less in terms of a total area ratio of defective portions in a scanning surface according to ultrasonic flaw detection in a thickness direction of the thermoelectric material. No defect having a length of 800 m or more is present at any vertex of chips of the thermoelectric materials.

An anti-corrosion structure and a fuel cell employing the same are provided. The anti-corrosion structure includes an aluminum layer, a first anti-corrosion layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the aluminum layer and the first anti-corrosion layer. In particular, the first anti-corrosion layer can be a nickel-tin-containing alloy layer, and the intermediate layer can be a nickel-tin-aluminum-containing alloy layer.

A device including a near field transducer, the near field transducer including gold (Au) and at least one other secondary atom, the at least one other secondary atom selected from: boron (B), bismuth (Bi), indium (In), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), manganese (Mn), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O), and combinations thereof; erbium (Er), holmium (Ho), lutetium (Lu), praseodymium (Pr), scandium (Sc), uranium (U), zinc (Zn), and combinations thereof; and barium (Ba), chlorine (Cl), cesium (Cs), dysprosium (Dy), europium (Eu), fluorine (F), gadolinium (Gd), germanium (Ge), hydrogen (H), iodine (I), osmium (Os), phosphorus (P), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), selenium (Se), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), thallium (Th), and combinations thereof.