A robot includes a first member, a second member provided to be capable of turning with respect to the first member, and a gear device configured to transmit a driving force from one side to the other side of the first member and the second member. The gear device includes internal teeth and external teeth provided halfway in a transmission path of the driving force and configured to mesh with each other and lubricant disposed between the internal teeth and the external teeth. An average grain size of a constituent material of the external teeth is smaller than an average grain size of a constituent material of the internal teeth.

Provided is a cylindrical member made of flake graphite cast iron that has practical processability as well as excellent mechanical strength and further is excellent in abrasion resistance and seizing resistance. Specifically, provided is a cylindrical member made of flake graphite cast iron, the flake graphite cast iron including a composition containing, in terms of mass %, 2.85% or more and 3.35% or less of C, 1.95% or more and 2.55% or less of Si, 0.45% or more and 0.8% or less of Mn, 0.03% or more and 0.25% or less of P, 0.15% or less of S, 0.15% or more and 0.55% or less of Cr, 0.15% or more and 0.65% or less of Mo, 0.15% or more and 0.65% or less of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

Provided is a cylindrical member made of flake graphite cast iron that has practical processability as well as excellent mechanical strength and further is excellent in abrasion resistance and seizing resistance. Specifically, provided is a cylindrical member made of flake graphite cast iron, the flake graphite cast iron including a composition containing, in terms of mass %, 2.85% or more and 3.35% or less of C, 1.95% or more and 2.55% or less of Si, 0.45% or more and 0.8% or less of Mn, 0.03% or more and 0.25% or less of P, 0.15% or less of S, 0.15% or more and 0.55% or less of Cr, 0.15% or more and 0.65% or less of Mo, 0.15% or more and 0.65% or less of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

The present invention relates to the technological field of cast iron alloys for automotive and similar applications. Problem to be solved: Presently, structural parts of internal combustion engines are made of gray cast iron alloys that rarely have a tensile strength limit range greater than 350 MPa or vermicular cast iron alloys that do not remain stable at high temperatures. Solution of the problem: It is disclosed a vermicular cast iron alloy that, due to the addition of amounts of Molybdenum, Copper and Tin, with Hot Resistance Factor from 0.5 to 1.7% (HRF=3(% Mo)+1(% Sn)+0.25(% Cu)) achieves a tensile strength limit of 500 to 550 MPa at room temperature and up to 300 C., and a tensile strength limit of 430 to 450 MPa at 400 C.

A nanocrystal production method includes a light irradiation step of applying light to a surface of a metal material immersed in water to form nanocrystals on the surface. In this nanocrystal production method, the metal material contains iron, the nanocrystal contains at least one of iron oxide and iron hydroxide, and in the spectrum of the light, a wavelength at which the intensity is maximum is not less than 360 nm and less than 620 nm.

The present invention relates to a particulate inoculant for treating liquid cast-iron, comprising, on the one hand, support particles made of a fusible material in the liquid cast-iron, and on the other hand, surface particles made of a material that promotes the germination and the growth of graphite, disposed and distributed in a discontinuous manner at the surface of the support particles, the surface particles presenting a grain size distribution such that their diameter d50 is smaller than or equal to one-tenth of the diameter d50 of the support particles.

The present invention relates to a particulate inoculant for treating liquid cast-iron, comprising, on the one hand, support particles made of a fusible material in the liquid cast-iron, and on the other hand, surface particles made of a material that promotes the germination and the growth of graphite, disposed and distributed in a discontinuous manner at the surface of the support particles, the surface particles presenting a grain size distribution such that their diameter d50 is smaller than or equal to one-tenth of the diameter d50 of the support particles.

A method for manufacturing a seal is disclosed. The method includes forming a layer of a hardened metal layer on a metal base plate. Further, the method includes melting the layer of the hardened metal in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a layer of metal nitride. Furthermore, the method includes depositing a plurality of layers of a metal alloy on the layer of metal nitride to form a main seal body portion, wherein the layer of metal nitride and the main seal body portion together correspond to the seal.

A method for manufacturing a seal is disclosed. The method includes forming a layer of a hardened metal layer on a metal base plate. Further, the method includes melting the layer of the hardened metal in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a layer of metal nitride. Furthermore, the method includes depositing a plurality of layers of a metal alloy on the layer of metal nitride to form a main seal body portion, wherein the layer of metal nitride and the main seal body portion together correspond to the seal.

The disclosure relates to a process for producing a hardened and tempered component made of specially heat-treated cast iron (e.g., AGI). According to the disclosure, a main body made of cast iron is prepared which may already be in the shape of an engine block. The main body may then be subjected to pre-machining, which may include forming one or more bores. Then, the main body may be hardened and tempered by a suitable heat treatment, such as a special heat treatment. After the disclosed heat treatment, post-processing of the component may follow, such as establishing the final dimensions.