The invention relates to a method for modification of a biocompatible component. The method of the invention includes the steps of a) providing a biocompatible component at least partly covered by metallic oxide; and b) treating at least a part of the component, which part is covered by the metallic oxide, with an aqueous composition that includes oxalic acid; whereby a modified metallic oxide, is obtained. The invention also relates to a biocompatible component-including a substrate having a surface with a) a microstructure including pits separated by plateus and/or ridges; and b) a primary nanostructure being superimposed on the microstructure, the primary nanostructure having depressions arranged in a wave-like formation.

The invention relates to a method for modification of a biocompatible component. The method of the invention includes the steps of a) providing a biocompatible component at least partly covered by metallic oxide; and b) treating at least a part of the component, which part is covered by the metallic oxide, with an aqueous composition that includes oxalic acid; whereby a modified metallic oxide, is obtained. The invention also relates to a biocompatible component-including a substrate having a surface with a) a microstructure including pits separated by plateus and/or ridges; and b) a primary nanostructure being superimposed on the microstructure, the primary nanostructure having depressions arranged in a wave-like formation.

Apparatus and method are provided for preventing deformation along the longitudinal axis of a workpiece passing through a scan inductor when the workpiece has at least one section with a cross section larger than the cross section of the remainder of the workpiece. An upper and lower pair of opposing jaws transition between opened and closed positions as the workpiece passes through the scan inductor so that deformation is minimized as the workpiece passes through the scan induction apparatus.

The invention relates to a steel part coated with a compound consisting, over more than 90% of its thickness, of at least one Fe/Zn-based phase, the iron weight content of which is equal to 65% or higher and the Fe/Zn ratio of which is between 1.9 and 4, said compound being formed by at least one heat treatment for alloying between said steel and a precoat, said precoat consisting of a zinc alloy comprising, the contents being expressed by weight, between 0.5 and 2.5% aluminum and, optionally, one or more elements chosen from: Pb0.003%; Sb0.003%; Bi0.003%; 0.002%Si0.070%; La<0.05%; Ce<0.05%, the balance consisting of zinc and inevitable impurities.

The invention relates to a steel part coated with a compound consisting, over more than 90% of its thickness, of at least one Fe/Zn-based phase, the iron weight content of which is equal to 65% or higher and the Fe/Zn ratio of which is between 1.9 and 4, said compound being formed by at least one heat treatment for alloying between said steel and a precoat, said precoat consisting of a zinc alloy comprising, the contents being expressed by weight, between 0.5 and 2.5% aluminum and, optionally, one or more elements chosen from: Pb0.003%; Sb0.003%; Bi0.003%; 0.002%Si0.070%; La<0.05%; Ce<0.05%, the balance consisting of zinc and inevitable impurities.

A chain component which has a simple surface treatment structure and in which satisfactory wear resistance is maintained for a long term; and a chain which employs this chain component so that a satisfactory wear elongation resistance is maintained are provided. A roller chain serving as an industrial chain for power transmission is constructed such that a pair of outer plates linked by two pins and a pair of inner plates linked together by two bushes onto each of which a roller is fit are alternately linked together in a plurality in a state that each pin is loosely fit in each bush. A chromium nitride layer is formed on the outer side of the steel-based substrate of the pin. The chromium nitride layer contains iron at a content higher than 0 mass % and lower than or equal to 55 mass %.

A technique includes providing a tool to be deployed in a well to perform a downhole function. The downhole function requires a minimum structural integrity for an element of the tool. The technique includes forming at least part of the element from a ferrous alloy and charging the alloy with hydrogen cause the element to be more prone to cracking than before the hydrogen charging.

A technique includes providing a tool to be deployed in a well to perform a downhole function. The downhole function requires a minimum structural integrity for an element of the tool. The technique includes forming at least part of the element from a ferrous alloy and charging the alloy with hydrogen cause the element to be more prone to cracking than before the hydrogen charging.

Described are metal bodies made of magnesium-containing metal and having a magnesium fluoride surface passivation region formed at a surface of the body, as well as methods of forming a magnesium fluoride surface passivation region at a surface of a metal body, and uses for the bodies.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for coating ferrous metal substrates. In an embodiment, the invention includes a composition for forming a magnetite coating on a ferrous metal substrate. The composition comprising an aqueous oxidizing solution. The aqueous oxidizing solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkanolamine, and a chloride salt. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of forming a magnetite coating on a ferrous metal substrate. The method including contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous oxidizing solution, the aqueous oxidizing solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkanolamine, and a chloride salt. Other embodiments are also included herein.