A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; an oxide layer including SiO.sub.2 that is formed on the steel sheet; and a tension-insulation coating that is formed on the oxide layer, in which the steel sheet includes, as a chemical composition, by mass %, C: 0.085% or less, Si: 0.80% to 7.00%, Mn: 1.00% or less, acid-soluble Al: 0.065% or less, S: 0.013% or less, Cu: 0% to 0.80%, N: 0% to 0.012%, P: 0% to 0.50%, Ni: 0% to 1.00%, Sn: 0% to 0.30%, Sb: 0% to 0.30%, and a remainder of Fe and impurities, the tension-insulation coating includes a chromium compound, and the Fe content in the oxide layer and the tension-insulation coating is 70 mg/m.sup.2 to 250 mg/m.sup.2.

The present disclosure relates to recycling automotive phosphate rinse water. An apparatus and method is disclosed for treating process water containing phosphate. The apparatus may include a process water line. The process water line may be in fluid communication with a sample process water line. The sample process water line may be in fluid communication with a dilution line. The sample process water line, the dilution line, and a phosphate analyzer may be in fluid communication with a diluted process water line. The apparatus may also include a chemical additive feed line in fluid communication with the process water line downstream from the sample process water line.

The present disclosure relates to recycling automotive phosphate rinse water. An apparatus and method is disclosed for treating process water containing phosphate. The apparatus may include a process water line. The process water line may be in fluid communication with a sample process water line. The sample process water line may be in fluid communication with a dilution line. The sample process water line, the dilution line, and a phosphate analyzer may be in fluid communication with a diluted process water line. The apparatus may also include a chemical additive feed line in fluid communication with the process water line downstream from the sample process water line.

Described herein is a method for phosphating of a metallic surface, wherein a metallic surface, optionally after cleaning and/or activation, is first treated with an acidic, aqueous, substantially nickel-free phosphating composition that includes zinc ions, manganese ions, iron(III) ions and phosphate ions, and is thereafter optionally rinsed and/or dried. Also described herein are a corresponding phosphating composition and a correspondingly phosphate-coated metallic surface.

The present invention relates to a packaging material for a power storage device, the packaging material including at least a slip agent layer, a substrate layer, an adhesive layer, a metal foil layer, a sealant adhesive layer, and a sealant layer, in this order, wherein the slip agent layer contains a fatty acid amide and a fatty acid bisamide, or a fatty acid amide and silicone oil.

The present invention relates to a packaging material for a power storage device, the packaging material including at least a slip agent layer, a substrate layer, an adhesive layer, a metal foil layer, a sealant adhesive layer, and a sealant layer, in this order, wherein the slip agent layer contains a fatty acid amide and a fatty acid bisamide, or a fatty acid amide and silicone oil.

An object of the present invention is to provide magnesium oxide for an annealing separator which is useful for obtaining grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheets with excellent magnetic properties and insulating properties. To resolve the above object, an aspect of the present invention resides in magnesium oxide for an annealing separator having a Blaine specific surface area of 2.5×10.sup.3 to 7.0×10.sup.3 m.sup.2.Math.kg.sup.−1 and CAA of 50 to 170 seconds.

A high-gross manufacturing method for magnesium alloy object includes providing a magnesium alloy object; performing micro-arc oxidation or conversion coating treatment on the magnesium alloy object to form oxide film on a surface of the magnesium alloy object; spraying a paint layer on MAO-treated or conversion coating-treated surface of the magnesium alloy object to protect the magnesium alloy object; performing CNC high gross cutting to cut away part of paint layer and part of the oxide film to expose metallic main body; using specific conversion coating solution to passivate the magnesium alloy object; and spraying UV curable paint on the surface of the magnesium alloy object to provide corrosion protection. The present invention also provides a high-gross magnesium alloy structure.

In a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including: a steel substrate; a forsterite base film; and an insulating coating, critical damage shear stress τ between the forsterite base film and the steel substrate is 50 MPa or more and 200 MPa or less. Thus, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent insulation property, stacking factor, and magnetic property is provided without coating damage even when magnetic domain refining treatment by thermal strain is performed.

In a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including: a steel substrate; a forsterite base film; and an insulating coating, critical damage shear stress τ between the forsterite base film and the steel substrate is 50 MPa or more and 200 MPa or less. Thus, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent insulation property, stacking factor, and magnetic property is provided without coating damage even when magnetic domain refining treatment by thermal strain is performed.