A method for producing a glass-like protective layer on an optionally pre-coated metal or glass substrate. The method comprises: (a) mixing one or more defined silicon compounds with NaOH and KOH, (b) adding water to the mixture obtained in (a) to hydrolyze the silicon compound(s), (c) adding at least one defined compound of formula MY.sub.m, where M is Pb, Ti, Zr, Al or B, to the hydrolyzed mixture obtained in (b), wherein the molar ratio M/Si is from 0.01/1 to 0.04/1, to obtain a coating sol, (d) applying the coating sol obtained in (c) to the substrate, and (e) thermal densification of the coating sol applied in d) at a temperature of from 300 C. to 500 C. to form the glass-like protective layer.

This grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a base steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition, a glass coating formed on the base steel sheet, and a tension-applied insulation coating formed on the glass coating, on a front surface of the base steel sheet, a plurality of linear strains that extend continuously or intermittently in a direction intersecting with a rolling direction are present, intervals p in the rolling direction of the plurality of linear strains adjacent to each other are 3.0 to 9.0 mm, widths of the linear strains are 10 to 250 m, and, in an X-ray topographic spectrum in a range of 1.50 mm in the rolling direction that is obtained from an X-ray topographic image of the front surface and includes the linear strain at a center, a full width at half maximum of a peak of the X-ray topographic spectrum including a maximum value of a spectral intensity is 0.02 mm or more and 0.10 mm or less.

This grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a base steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition, a glass coating formed on the base steel sheet, and a tension-applied insulation coating formed on the glass coating, on a front surface of the base steel sheet, a plurality of linear strains that extend continuously or intermittently in a direction intersecting with a rolling direction are present, intervals p in the rolling direction of the plurality of linear strains adjacent to each other are 3.0 to 9.0 mm, widths of the linear strains are 10 to 250 m, and, in an X-ray topographic spectrum in a range of 1.50 mm in the rolling direction that is obtained from an X-ray topographic image of the front surface and includes the linear strain at a center, a full width at half maximum of a peak of the X-ray topographic spectrum including a maximum value of a spectral intensity is 0.02 mm or more and 0.10 mm or less.

This grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a base steel sheet, a glass coating formed on the base steel sheet, and a tension-applied insulation coating formed on the glass coating, in which, in the base steel sheet, a plurality of linear strain regions that extend continuously or intermittently in a direction intersecting with a rolling direction are present, the plurality of linear strain regions are each 210 m or less in width in the rolling direction, the plurality of linear strain regions are parallel to each other, intervals of linear strain regions adjacent to each other in the rolling direction are 10 mm or less, and magnetostriction .sub.0-pb in a unit of m/m when the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is excited up to 1.7 T and magnetostriction .sub.0-pa in a unit of m/m when the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is heat-treated at 800 C. for 4 hours and then excited up to 1.7 T satisfy 0.02.sub.0-pb.sub.0-pa0.20.

This grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a base steel sheet, a glass coating formed on the base steel sheet, and a tension-applied insulation coating formed on the glass coating, in which, in the base steel sheet, a plurality of linear strain regions that extend continuously or intermittently in a direction intersecting with a rolling direction are present, the plurality of linear strain regions are each 210 m or less in width in the rolling direction, the plurality of linear strain regions are parallel to each other, intervals of linear strain regions adjacent to each other in the rolling direction are 10 mm or less, and magnetostriction .sub.0-pb in a unit of m/m when the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is excited up to 1.7 T and magnetostriction .sub.0-pa in a unit of m/m when the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is heat-treated at 800 C. for 4 hours and then excited up to 1.7 T satisfy 0.02.sub.0-pb.sub.0-pa0.20.

A coated cooking element for a cooking utensil or electrical cooking appliance includes a metal substrate coated on at least one face with at least the following layers and in this order proceeding from the metal substrate: an enamel base layer, optionally one or more intermediate layers having of one or more coloring agents and optionally one or more silicone resins, and/or one or more thermoplastic polymers, and/or one or more fillers, and/or one or more additives, a finishing layer that is to come in contact with food and consists of one or more silicone resins and optionally one or more thermoplastic polymers, and/or one or more fillers, and/or one or more additives, and/or flakes. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing said cooking element.

A soft magnetic composite material sheet according to the invention includes a soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet, and an electrically insulating film formed on a surface of the soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet. The soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet is a Fe-based amorphous alloy sheet or a Fe-based nanocrystal alloy sheet, the electrically insulating film contains a lead-free glass composition and has a linear expansion coefficient less than a linear expansion coefficient of the soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet, and the glass composition has a softening point equal to or lower than a temperature at which a microstructure of the soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet is maintained.

A soft magnetic composite material sheet according to the invention includes a soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet, and an electrically insulating film formed on a surface of the soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet. The soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet is a Fe-based amorphous alloy sheet or a Fe-based nanocrystal alloy sheet, the electrically insulating film contains a lead-free glass composition and has a linear expansion coefficient less than a linear expansion coefficient of the soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet, and the glass composition has a softening point equal to or lower than a temperature at which a microstructure of the soft magnetic Fe-based alloy sheet is maintained.