A volatile corrosion inhibitor detection device includes a coupling configured to couple to a system configured to be closed, and a housing in fluid communication with the coupling and containing an indicator element configured to visually change upon contact with volatile corrosion inhibitor. A bendable and crushable portion of the housing contains the indicator element and further contains an indicator capillary, the indicator capillary contains indicator fluid, and the indicator element and the indicator capillary are arranged such that, upon breaking of the indicator capillary by bending or crushing a portion of the housing, the indicator fluid is released from the indicator capillary and reaches the indicator element to render the indicator element sensitive to volatile corrosion inhibitor, thereby providing an indication upon contact with the volatile corrosion Inhibitor.

A volatile corrosion inhibitor detection device includes a coupling configured to couple to a system configured to be closed, and a housing in fluid communication with the coupling and containing an indicator element configured to visually change upon contact with volatile corrosion inhibitor. A bendable and crushable portion of the housing contains the indicator element and further contains an indicator capillary, the indicator capillary contains indicator fluid, and the indicator element and the indicator capillary are arranged such that, upon breaking of the indicator capillary by bending or crushing a portion of the housing, the indicator fluid is released from the indicator capillary and reaches the indicator element to render the indicator element sensitive to volatile corrosion inhibitor, thereby providing an indication upon contact with the volatile corrosion Inhibitor.

Described is a cable rejuvenation apparatus for a cable used in a subsea environment. The apparatus applies a bias signal to a conducting element of the cable, the bias signal being selected to improve the insulation properties of the cable. The bias signal is generated by a bias signal generator that includes a voltage source that generates a bias voltage having a time varying component. The bias voltage promotes an electrochemical reaction between the conducting element and the salt containing liquid of the subsea environment resulting in the formation of a barrier material at the fault location restricting further leakage current flow and enhancing the insulation resistance of the cable. The bias signal is a voltage selected such that the electrochemical reaction promoted by the bias voltage maintains the presence of the barrier material at the fault location.

Described is a cable rejuvenation apparatus for a cable used in a subsea environment. The apparatus applies a bias signal to a conducting element of the cable, the bias signal being selected to improve the insulation properties of the cable. The bias signal is generated by a bias signal generator that includes a voltage source that generates a bias voltage having a time varying component. The bias voltage promotes an electrochemical reaction between the conducting element and the salt containing liquid of the subsea environment resulting in the formation of a barrier material at the fault location restricting further leakage current flow and enhancing the insulation resistance of the cable. The bias signal is a voltage selected such that the electrochemical reaction promoted by the bias voltage maintains the presence of the barrier material at the fault location.

A corrosion risk reduction method includes introducing volatile corrosion inhibitor into a piping system, and distributing the volatile corrosion inhibitor inside the system. A corrosion risk reduction apparatus comprises at least one corrosion risk reduction module, which comprises a housing including inlet and outlet ports. The housing contains a volatile corrosion inhibitor. An outlet of the corrosion risk reduction apparatus is configured for fluid communication with a system, and is further configured to direct gas containing volatile corrosion inhibitor from the inside of the housing of the at least one corrosion risk reduction module into the system for distribution inside the system. A volatile corrosion inhibitor detection device comprises a coupling for coupling to a system configured to be closed, and a housing in fluid communication with the coupling and containing an indicator element configured to visually change upon contact with volatile corrosion inhibitor.

A corrosion risk reduction method includes introducing volatile corrosion inhibitor into a piping system, and distributing the volatile corrosion inhibitor inside the system. A corrosion risk reduction apparatus comprises at least one corrosion risk reduction module, which comprises a housing including inlet and outlet ports. The housing contains a volatile corrosion inhibitor. An outlet of the corrosion risk reduction apparatus is configured for fluid communication with a system, and is further configured to direct gas containing volatile corrosion inhibitor from the inside of the housing of the at least one corrosion risk reduction module into the system for distribution inside the system. A volatile corrosion inhibitor detection device comprises a coupling for coupling to a system configured to be closed, and a housing in fluid communication with the coupling and containing an indicator element configured to visually change upon contact with volatile corrosion inhibitor.

The present invention provides a silylated isocyanurate compound shown by the following general formula (1), where R's each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and a group shown by a general formula (2-a) or (2-b). At least one R is shown by the general formula (2-b). The silylated isocyanurate compound can serve as a metal corrosion inhibitor excellent in heat resistance and sulfurization resistance.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a silylated isocyanurate compound shown by the following general formula (1), where R's each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and a group shown by a general formula (2-a) or (2-b). At least one R is shown by the general formula (2-b). The silylated isocyanurate compound can serve as a metal corrosion inhibitor excellent in heat resistance and sulfurization resistance.

##STR00001##

A hydrocarbon tank system environment corrosion inhibitor includes use of inert gas, preferably Nitrogen, to blanket ullage and interstice through the tank system. Blanket gas is provided is controller into coupling to access ullages. Blanket gas is provided upon fueling events to stabilize the pressure in the system and prevent entry of atmospheric air and water (vapor). Blanket gas may be continuously run into the ullage and/or other spaces in tank system. A controlled system allows for monitoring of pressures in the tank, and thereby identifies pressure events and even leaks in system due to unusual events, or general loss of pressure.

A hydrocarbon tank system environment corrosion inhibitor includes use of inert gas, preferably Nitrogen, to blanket ullage and interstice through the tank system. Blanket gas is provided is controller into coupling to access ullages. Blanket gas is provided upon fueling events to stabilize the pressure in the system and prevent entry of atmospheric air and water (vapor). Blanket gas may be continuously run into the ullage and/or other spaces in tank system. A controlled system allows for monitoring of pressures in the tank, and thereby identifies pressure events and even leaks in system due to unusual events, or general loss of pressure.