A method of making cerium citrate includes combining cerium carbonate and citric acid to produce cerium citrate and carbon dioxide. The cerium citrate is substantially free of negative ions other than citrate. The cerium citrate can be used in a corrosion inhibitor composition.

An electrical contact element formed of sheet metal having a first region and a second region. Each one of the first and second regions is coated with a coating including a first layer containing a first material having a lower standard electrode potential than the sheet metal material. The coating includes a second layer in the first region which is absent in the second region. The second layer is arranged underneath the first layer and contains a second material that has a lower standard electrode potential than the first material.

Disclosed is an adhesive hydrogel containing a polymer matrix, water, and a polyhydric alcohol, wherein the polymer matrix contains a copolymer of a monofunctional monomer with a single polymerizable C—C double bond and a polyfunctional monomer with two or more polymerizable C—C double bonds, the monofunctional monomer contains a nonionic (meth)acrylamide-based monomer, and the polyfunctional monomer has a composition formula: C.sub.lH.sub.mO.sub.n, where O is an oxygen atom in an ether bond, l is an integer greater than or equal to 4, m is an integer greater than or equal to 6, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

Disclosed is an adhesive hydrogel containing a polymer matrix, water, and a polyhydric alcohol, wherein the polymer matrix contains a copolymer of a monofunctional monomer with a single polymerizable C—C double bond and a polyfunctional monomer with two or more polymerizable C—C double bonds, the monofunctional monomer contains a nonionic (meth)acrylamide-based monomer, and the polyfunctional monomer has a composition formula: C.sub.lH.sub.mO.sub.n, where O is an oxygen atom in an ether bond, l is an integer greater than or equal to 4, m is an integer greater than or equal to 6, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

A process for controlling the dissolution of a metal in an acid bath is described. The metal may comprise aluminum and the acid bath may contain a metal catalyst that causes the metal to dissolve. In order to control the rate of dissolution, the metal can be contacted with a cathodic member. In one embodiment, the process can be completely stopped even without removing the metal from the acid bath. The cathodic member provides anodic protection to the metal. In one embodiment, the cathodic member is made from a nickel-chromium-based alloy.

An electro-anti deposit device is coupled to an irrigation pipe for removing mineral deposit from drippers of the pipe. The electro-anti deposit device includes an engine configured to move the electro-anti deposit device along the pipe. The electro-anti deposit device also includes a mineral deposit removal module. The mineral deposit removal module includes a water container, a battery, and two electrodes. The water container may be configured to create an ionic environment at a dripper. The dripper may be covered with the mineral deposit. The battery may be configured to generate electric current. The two electrodes may be connected to two poles of the battery with a space separating tips of the two electrodes.

A fluid connector for connecting fluid conduit to a component in the presence of an electrolyte solution includes a connector body and sacrificial anode. The connector body defines an internal recess. The sacrificial anode can be press-fitted into the internal recess and circumscribed by the connector body. The sacrificial anode, which is constructed of a material that is configured to be consumed over a life of the component to prevent or delay corrosion of the connector body due to contact with the electrolyte solution, may be constructed of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, or other active metals. A fluid system for use in the presence of the electrolyte solution includes the component, fluid conduit, a pump, and the fluid connector. A vehicle includes the fluid system and a vehicle body. The component may be a steering gear assembly in some embodiments.

A cathodic protection system is provided for a subterranean well casing having an enclosed upper section of the well casing being substantially shielded by a cellar from an impressed-current cathodic protection circuit passing through earth media. The impressed-current cathodic protection circuit is provided to protect an unenclosed lower section of the well casing. To protect the enclosed upper section of the well casing, a supplemental cathodic protection circuit is provided. The supplemental cathodic protection circuit is a galvanic anode cathodic protection circuit comprising the enclosed upper section of the well casing and one or more bracelet galvanic anodes being circumferentially mounted to the enclosed upper section. The enclosed upper section of the well casing and the one or more bracelet galvanic anodes are substantially surrounded by a cellar backfill, and the galvanic anode cathodic protection circuit is equally effective throughout a broad range of non-homogeneity within the cellar backfill.

A corrosion protection element is described, with which in simple and cost effective manner a reliable corrosion protection of field devices can be provided, which field devices comprise at least one component of stainless steel in contact with an environment of the field device. Corrosion protection elements of the invention are distinguished by features including that they are embodied as sacrificial anodes comprising iron or rustable steel and have a form, which is embodied in such a manner that they can be applied to the component of the field device in such a manner that the sacrificial anode is in electrically conducting contact with the component.

A selectively removable engine anode having a metallic anode base with a threaded configuration disposed proximal to a lower end thereon and on an outer surface, a flanged platform extending radially along a longitudinal length of the base to define an outer flange diameter, and a cantilevered retention member directly coupled to the flanged platform and having a diameter less than the outer flange diameter. The anode includes a galvanic anode with a first anode end coupled to the flanged platform, a second anode free end opposing the first anode end, and an anode length separating the first anode end and the second anode free end, wherein the galvanic anode and the flanged platform encapsulate the cantilevered retention member, the anode base is selectively removably couplable to a plug that is operably configured to be selectively coupled to a marine engine.