The non-conductive anodized aluminum ground ladder and the non-conductive anodized aluminum aerial ladder for the fire service uses non-conductive anodic oxide layer coatings in the manufacture of aluminum ground and aerial ladders to provide passive protection to all affected firefighters and civilians they may be rescuing in the event of inadvertent contact with high voltage power lines and/or other high voltage electrical conductors.

Disclosed is an anode assembly for the corrosion protection of metal parts embedded in concrete. An ion-conducting material is placed between the metal part that is to be protected and the anode, which ion-conducting material exhibits higher ionic conductivity than the surrounding concrete, thus directing the protective current specifically towards the metal part. A galvanic sacrificial anode may be provided, made, e.g., from zinc and its alloys or aluminum and its alloys. The purpose of the material with higher ionic conductivity than the surrounding concrete is to selectively direct the protective galvanic current towards the metal part that is to be protected. The selective enhanced corrosion protection is especially beneficial for the protection of metal parts that are highly important for the structural integrity of concrete members, such as assembly of pre- or post-tensioning of concrete members, such as anchor-heads. The ion conducting material exhibits 20%, and more preferably 50%, higher conductivity than the surrounding concrete. A suitable ion-conducting material that exhibits ion-exchange properties may comprise tecto-alumo-silicate materials. The anode may be placed in close contact to or may be embedded into the ion-conducting material as well.

The present invention relates to a method of installing an unbonded flexible pipe with a bore for transportation of fluid wherein the unbonded flexible pipe comprises an outer sheath, an inner sealing sheath inside the outer polymer sheath, an annulus between said outer sheath and said inner sealing sheath and at least one metallic armor layer comprising iron located in said annulus, wherein the method comprises filling at least a part of the annulus with a corrosion promoting liquid before or after installing the unbonded flexible pipe between a first installation and a second installation.

The present invention relates to a method of installing an unbonded flexible pipe with a bore for transportation of fluid wherein the unbonded flexible pipe comprises an outer sheath, an inner sealing sheath inside the outer polymer sheath, an annulus between said outer sheath and said inner sealing sheath and at least one metallic armor layer comprising iron located in said annulus, wherein the method comprises filling at least a part of the annulus with a corrosion promoting liquid before or after installing the unbonded flexible pipe between a first installation and a second installation.

The present invention provides a system and a method for providing corrosion protection of a metallic structure using time varying electromagnetic wave. The system comprises: a generator for generating electromagnetic wave having a time varying frequency, said generator having at least two output terminals in electrical connection respectively with first and second excitation sites positioned in a spaced manner on the metallic structure, allowing for subjecting the metallic structure to the electromagnetic wave; and an electric power source connected to the generator for applying a driving voltage to the generator to drive the generation of the electromagnetic wave; wherein the driving voltage and/or the frequency of the electromagnetic wave are selected such that the metallic structure is energized to form in-situ a passive oxidized species of the metal on a surface of the metallic structure, which species is insusceptible to corrosion.

An electronic circuit includes a substrate having functional circuitry configured to realize and carry out at least one functionality. At least one guard feature is positioned between a first feature including a metal that is coupled to a node in the electronic circuit configured for being biased at a first voltage to operate as an anode and a second feature including the metal which is coupled to a node in the circuitry circuit configured for being biased at a second voltage<the first voltage to operate as a cathode to enable dendritic growth of the metal on the cathode. The functional circuitry includes a plurality of interconnected transistors, the anode, and the cathode which are configured for implementing the functionality, wherein the guard feature does not contribute to the functionality of the circuit.

A method of making cerium citrate includes combining cerium carbonate and citric acid to produce cerium citrate and carbon dioxide. The cerium citrate is substantially free of negative ions other than citrate. The cerium citrate can be used in a corrosion inhibitor composition.

In example implementations, a method for coloring an alloy is provided. The method includes anodizing a substrate in an anodizing bath comprising phosphoric acid, at a constant temperature and a constant voltage for a first time period to develop an anodizing layer that includes a barrier layer, reducing the constant voltage applied to the anodizing bath for a second time period to change a thickness of the barrier layer and change a width of pores in the anodizing layer, plating the substrate in a plating bath at a first current that is increased over a third time period in accordance with a current profile of the plating bath, and plating the substrate in the plating bath at a second current for a fourth time period.

The present invention provides a sacrificial anodic plug for insertion within an irrigation span to provide anodic corrosion protection. According to a preferred embodiment, the anodic plug of the present invention includes a protective cap connected to a securing bushing, and an anodic coupler which extends into the interior of the irrigation span. Preferably, the securing bushing includes non-conductive threads for mating with the threads of a sprinkler outlet and for electrically isolating the anodic coupler from the protective cap. According to further preferred embodiments, the anodic coupler is formed of magnesium and extends down away from the protective cap and terminates in an anodic base. According to a further preferred embodiment, the protective cap may include a wear indicator indicating the amount of anodic material remaining in the central anodic coupler and anodic base.

A battery cell may include a positive electrode coupled with a positive current collector and a negative electrode coupled with a negative current collector. The battery cell may further include a sacrificial electrode coupled with the negative electrode but not the positive electrode. The sacrificial electrode may be formed from a first material having a lower decomposition voltage than a second material forming the negative current collector. As such, the sacrificial electrode may decompose instead of the negative current collector while the battery cell is discharged below a minimum voltage of the battery cell. In doing so, the sacrificial electrode may preserve the capacity and cycle life of the battery cell even when the battery cell is discharged to a low-voltage state or a zero-voltage state.