A process for manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet with a strength of at least 1200 MPa and an elongation at break greater than 10%. A steel is provided having a microstructure comprising 65 to 90% bainite. A semifinished product is cast from the steel and heated to a temperature greater than 1150° C. The semifinished product is hot rolled to obtain a hot-rolled sheet; the coiled and pickled. Cold-rolling occurs with a reduction ratio of between 30 and 80% so as to obtain a cold-rolled sheet; and then reheating occurs at a rate V.sub.c between 5 and 15° C./s up to a temperature T.sub.1 between Ac3 and Ac3+20° C. and held at said temperature T.sub.1 for a time t.sub.1 between 50 and 150 s. The sheet is cooled at a rate V.sub.R1 greater than 40° C./s but below 100° C./s down to a temperature T.sub.2 between (M.sub.s−30° C. and M.sub.s+30° C.). The sheet is maintained at temperature T.sub.2 for a time t.sub.2 between 150 and 350 s, and then cooled at a rate V.sub.R2 of less than 30° C./s down to an ambient temperature.

A process for manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet with a strength of at least 1200 MPa and an elongation at break greater than 10%. A steel is provided having a microstructure comprising 65 to 90% bainite. A semifinished product is cast from the steel and heated to a temperature greater than 1150° C. The semifinished product is hot rolled to obtain a hot-rolled sheet; the coiled and pickled. Cold-rolling occurs with a reduction ratio of between 30 and 80% so as to obtain a cold-rolled sheet; and then reheating occurs at a rate V.sub.c between 5 and 15° C./s up to a temperature T.sub.1 between Ac3 and Ac3+20° C. and held at said temperature T.sub.1 for a time t.sub.1 between 50 and 150 s. The sheet is cooled at a rate V.sub.R1 greater than 40° C./s but below 100° C./s down to a temperature T.sub.2 between (M.sub.s−30° C. and M.sub.s+30° C.). The sheet is maintained at temperature T.sub.2 for a time t.sub.2 between 150 and 350 s, and then cooled at a rate V.sub.R2 of less than 30° C./s down to an ambient temperature.

A method for producing a heat exchanger having at least one cooling line with a lightweight metal base through which a water-based coolant can flow may include passivating a surface of the at least one cooling line, which is in contact with the coolant, before the at least one cooling line is filled with the coolant.

A method for producing a heat exchanger having at least one cooling line with a lightweight metal base through which a water-based coolant can flow may include passivating a surface of the at least one cooling line, which is in contact with the coolant, before the at least one cooling line is filled with the coolant.

A high-strength galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet having a steel composition having a specific component composition, a steel structure containing martensite and bainite at more than or equal to 70% (including 100%), ferrite at less than 20% (including 0%), and retained austenite at less than 5% (including 0%) in terms of area ratio, the amount of diffusible hydrogen in steel being less than or equal to 0.20 mass ppm; and a galvanizing layer provided on a surface of the steel sheet, having a content amount of Fe of 8 to 15% in mass %, and having an coating weight per one surface of 20 to 120 g/m.sup.2, wherein the amount of Mn oxides contained in the galvanizing layer is less than or equal to 0.050 g/m.sup.2, and a tensile strength is more than or equal to 1100 MPa and a yield ratio is more than or equal to 0.85.

A high-strength galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet having a steel composition having a specific component composition, a steel structure containing martensite and bainite at more than or equal to 70% (including 100%), ferrite at less than 20% (including 0%), and retained austenite at less than 5% (including 0%) in terms of area ratio, the amount of diffusible hydrogen in steel being less than or equal to 0.20 mass ppm; and a galvanizing layer provided on a surface of the steel sheet, having a content amount of Fe of 8 to 15% in mass %, and having an coating weight per one surface of 20 to 120 g/m.sup.2, wherein the amount of Mn oxides contained in the galvanizing layer is less than or equal to 0.050 g/m.sup.2, and a tensile strength is more than or equal to 1100 MPa and a yield ratio is more than or equal to 0.85.

A composition, kit and method useful in a multi-stage washing method for cleaning an aluminum or aluminum alloy containers while reducing hazardous exposure of workers to toxic levels of hydrogen fluoride or ammonium bifluoride employs a stable, neutralized ammonium bifluoride-containing accelerator solution for addition to an acidic wash solution.

A method for producing a grain oriented electrical steel sheet includes a decarburization annealing process where an oxidation degree PH.sub.2O/PH.sub.2 is controlled, a final annealing process where hydrogen in mixed gas atmosphere is controlled to 50 volume % or more, an annealing separator removing process where water-washing is conducted using solution with inhibitor, a smoothing process where chemical-polished is conducted to control average roughness Ra, and an insulation coating forming process where insulation coating forming solution in which crystalline phosphide is included is applied.

A method for producing a grain oriented electrical steel sheet includes a decarburization annealing process where an oxidation degree PH.sub.2O/PH.sub.2 is controlled, a final annealing process where hydrogen in mixed gas atmosphere is controlled to 50 volume % or more, an annealing separator removing process where water-washing is conducted using solution with inhibitor, a smoothing process where chemical-polished is conducted to control average roughness Ra, and an insulation coating forming process where insulation coating forming solution in which crystalline phosphide is included is applied.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which does not have an inorganic coating containing forsterite as a main component and which includes: a base steel sheet containing a prescribed chemical component; a silicon-containing oxide layer provided on the base steel sheet; an iron-based oxide layer provided on the silicon-containing oxide layer; and a tension-insulation coating provided on the iron-based oxide layer, having a thickness of 1 to 3 μm, and containing phosphate and colloidal silica as main components. When the tension-insulation coating undergoes elemental analysis using a glow discharge optical emission spectrometry in a sheet thickness direction from a surface of the tension-insulation coating, a peak Si emission intensity satisfies a prescribed requirement.