A method for the surface treatment of flat products made of aluminium alloys. The method includes pickling the flat product, in particular for degreasing the flat product. The method includes carrying out a colour measurement on the surface of the flat product to determine at least one measured colour value after pickling the flat product. The method includes generating output information on the basis of the at least one measured colour value. The output information is indicative of compliance with at least one rule for the measured colour value and outputting or triggering the output of the output information. The invention further relates to a device for the surface treatment of flat products made of aluminium alloys and to a use of a colorimeter which is configured to determine at least one measured colour value in a surface treatment of flat products made of aluminium alloys.

A high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1,180 MPa or more, and specified chemical composition. The steel sheet includes a steel structure in which an area fraction of martensite having a carbon concentration of more than 0.7×[% C] and less than 1.5×[% C] is 55% or more, an area fraction of tempered martensite having a carbon concentration of 0.7×[% C] or less is 5% or more and 40% or less, a ratio of a carbon concentration in retained austenite to a volume fraction of retained austenite is 0.05 or more and 0.40 or less, and the martensite and the tempered martensite each have an average grain size of 5.3 μm or less, where [% C] represents the content, by mass %, of compositional element C in steel.

A high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1,180 MPa or more, and specified chemical composition. The steel sheet includes a steel structure in which an area fraction of martensite having a carbon concentration of more than 0.7×[% C] and less than 1.5×[% C] is 55% or more, an area fraction of tempered martensite having a carbon concentration of 0.7×[% C] or less is 5% or more and 40% or less, a ratio of a carbon concentration in retained austenite to a volume fraction of retained austenite is 0.05 or more and 0.40 or less, and the martensite and the tempered martensite each have an average grain size of 5.3 μm or less, where [% C] represents the content, by mass %, of compositional element C in steel.

A method of manufacturing a martensitic stainless steel pipe includes: preparing a hollow shell, S1; a pickling step, S3-2, in which the hollow shell is immersed in nitrohydrofluoric acid solution at a temperature below 50° C.; after pickling step S3-2, a high-pressure water washing step, S4, in which high-pressure water is injected onto the outer surface of the hollow shell to clean the outer surface of the hollow shell; after high-pressure water washing step S4, a hot-water immersion step, S5, in which the hollow shell is immersed in hot water if necessary; and spraying gas onto the surface of the hollow shell, S6, before a lapse of 15 minutes from completion of high-pressure water washing step S4 or hot-water immersion step S5.

A high-carbon cold rolled steel sheet having a specified chemical composition, and a method for manufacturing the same. The method includes forming a hot rolled steel sheet, performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 30° C./s or more and 70° C./s or less through a temperature range of a finish rolling end temperature to 660° C., coiling a hot rolled steel sheet at a temperature of 500° C. or more and 660° C. or less, and, optionally, pickling the coiled hot rolled steel sheet, and then performing a first box-annealing of holding at an annealing temperature in a temperature range of 650 to 720° C., then performing cold rolling at a rolling reduction ratio of 20 to 50%, and then performing a second box-annealing of holding at an annealing temperature in a temperature range of 650 to 720° C.

A high-carbon cold rolled steel sheet having a specified chemical composition, and a method for manufacturing the same. The method includes forming a hot rolled steel sheet, performing cooling at an average cooling rate of 30° C./s or more and 70° C./s or less through a temperature range of a finish rolling end temperature to 660° C., coiling a hot rolled steel sheet at a temperature of 500° C. or more and 660° C. or less, and, optionally, pickling the coiled hot rolled steel sheet, and then performing a first box-annealing of holding at an annealing temperature in a temperature range of 650 to 720° C., then performing cold rolling at a rolling reduction ratio of 20 to 50%, and then performing a second box-annealing of holding at an annealing temperature in a temperature range of 650 to 720° C.

A pretreatment method for pretreating components, which are each formed of at least two different materials, prior to a coating process. The pretreatment method includes the steps: alkaline degreasing; chemical pickling in a first pickling medium; anodic pickling in a second pickling medium; and cathodic degreasing.

A high-strength steel sheet includes a predetermined chemical composition, a microstructure contains, by volume percentage, 95% or more of tempered martensite and bainite in total, and a remainder consists of ferrite and pearlite, the microstructure contains 5.0×10.sup.9 pieces/mm or more of, per unit volume, precipitate having an equivalent circle diameter of 5.0 nm or less and containing Ti, Hvs/Hvc which is a ratio of an average hardness Hvs at a position of a depth of 20 μm from a surface to an average hardness Hvc at a position of 0.20 to 0.50 mm from the surface is 0.85 or more, a tensile strength is 980 MPa or more, and a product of the tensile strength and elongation is 12,000 MPa×% or more.

A high-strength steel sheet includes a predetermined chemical composition, a microstructure contains, by volume percentage, 95% or more of tempered martensite and bainite in total, and a remainder consists of ferrite and pearlite, the microstructure contains 5.0×10.sup.9 pieces/mm or more of, per unit volume, precipitate having an equivalent circle diameter of 5.0 nm or less and containing Ti, Hvs/Hvc which is a ratio of an average hardness Hvs at a position of a depth of 20 μm from a surface to an average hardness Hvc at a position of 0.20 to 0.50 mm from the surface is 0.85 or more, a tensile strength is 980 MPa or more, and a product of the tensile strength and elongation is 12,000 MPa×% or more.

A hot press member includes excellent indentation peel strength which has a tensile strength of 1780 MPa or more. A plating layer has at a surface thereof a 10-point average roughness Rzjis of 25 μm or less, and a steel sheet contains, in mass %, not less than 0.25% but less than 0.50% of C, 1.5% or less of Si, 1.1-2.4% of Mn, 0.05% or less of P, 0.005% or less of S, 0.01-0.50% of Al, 0.010% or less of N, 0.001-0.020% of Sb, 0.005-0.15% of Nb, and 0.005-0.15% of Ti, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The average crystal grain size of prior austenite is 7 μm or less and the volume proportion of martensite is 90% or more, within 50 μm in the thickness direction from the surface of the steel sheet excluding the plating layer.