The present invention relates to the production of graphene from CO.sub.2 through electrolysis and exfoliation processes. One embodiment is a method for producing graphene comprising (i) performing electrolysis between an electrolysis anode and an electrolysis cathode in a molten carbonate electrolyte to generate carbon nanomaterial on the cathode, and (ii) electrochemically exfoliating the carbon nanomaterial from a second anode to produce graphene. The exfoliating step produces graphene in high yield than thicker, conventional graphite exfoliation reactions. CO.sub.2 can be the sole reactant used to produce the valuable product as graphene. This can incentivize utilization of CO.sub.2, and unlike alternative products made from CO.sub.2 such as carbon monoxide or other fuels such as methane, use of the graphene product does not release this greenhouse gas back into the atmosphere.

The present invention relates to the production of graphene from CO.sub.2 through electrolysis and exfoliation processes. One embodiment is a method for producing graphene comprising (i) performing electrolysis between an electrolysis anode and an electrolysis cathode in a molten carbonate electrolyte to generate carbon nanomaterial on the cathode, and (ii) electrochemically exfoliating the carbon nanomaterial from a second anode to produce graphene. The exfoliating step produces graphene in high yield than thicker, conventional graphite exfoliation reactions. CO.sub.2 can be the sole reactant used to produce the valuable product as graphene. This can incentivize utilization of CO.sub.2, and unlike alternative products made from CO.sub.2 such as carbon monoxide or other fuels such as methane, use of the graphene product does not release this greenhouse gas back into the atmosphere.

A method including collecting exhaust gas comprising carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) at a wellsite to provide a collected exhaust gas, separating CO.sub.2 from the collected exhaust gas to provide a separated CO.sub.2, and forming formic acid utilizing at least a portion of the separated CO.sub.2. At least a portion of the formic acid can be utilizing in a wellbore servicing fluid (e.g., a fracturing fluid) introduced downhole via a wellbore. The exhaust gas can be produced during a wellbore servicing operation at the or another wellbore. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

A system and process for producing doped carbon nanomaterials is disclosed. A carbonate electrolyte including a doping component is provided during the electrolysis between an anode and a cathode immersed in carbonate electrolyte contained in a cell. The carbonate electrolyte is heated to a molten state. An electrical current is applied to the anode, and cathode, to the molten carbonate electrolyte disposed between the anode and cathode. A morphology element maximizes carbon nanotubes, versus graphene versus carbon nano-onion versus hollow carbon nano-sphere nanomaterial product. The resulting carbon nanomaterial growth is collected from the cathode of the cell.

A copper nanocatalyst, a method for preparing the copper nanocatalyst, and an application of the copper nanocatalyst in the synthesis of acetate or ammonia are provided. The copper nanocatalyst includes a substrate and an active agent loaded on the substrate. The method includes: preparing a cleaning agent by using an ethanol and a deionized; immersing the active agent in the cleaning agent, ultrasonically cleaning for 5-10 min at a frequency of 4×10.sup.4 Hz-8×10.sup.4 Hz, and drying for later use; mixing the cleaned active agent and a conductive binder according to a mass ratio of 1:19-9:1 of the active agent to the conductive binder, adding the ethanol, and fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a slurry; coating the slurry on a surface of the carbon paper, and drying the carbon paper by blowing through nitrogen flow to obtain the catalyst.

A copper nanocatalyst, a method for preparing the copper nanocatalyst, and an application of the copper nanocatalyst in the synthesis of acetate or ammonia are provided. The copper nanocatalyst includes a substrate and an active agent loaded on the substrate. The method includes: preparing a cleaning agent by using an ethanol and a deionized; immersing the active agent in the cleaning agent, ultrasonically cleaning for 5-10 min at a frequency of 4×10.sup.4 Hz-8×10.sup.4 Hz, and drying for later use; mixing the cleaned active agent and a conductive binder according to a mass ratio of 1:19-9:1 of the active agent to the conductive binder, adding the ethanol, and fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a slurry; coating the slurry on a surface of the carbon paper, and drying the carbon paper by blowing through nitrogen flow to obtain the catalyst.

A photoexcitable material includes: a solid solution of MN (where M is at least one of gallium, aluminum and indium) and ZnO, wherein the photoexcitable material includes 30 to 70 mol % ZnO and has a band gap energy of 2.20 eV or less.

A photoexcitable material includes: a solid solution of MN (where M is at least one of gallium, aluminum and indium) and ZnO, wherein the photoexcitable material includes 30 to 70 mol % ZnO and has a band gap energy of 2.20 eV or less.

Methods and reactors for electrochemically expanding a parent material and expanded parent materials are described. Current methods of expanding parent materials incompletely-expand parent material, requiring expensive and time-consuming separation of expanded parent material from unexpanded parent materials. This problem is addressed by the methods and reactor for electrochemically expanding a parent material described herein, which during operation maintain electrical connectivity between the parent material and an electrical power source. The resulting materials described herein have a greater proportion of expanded parent material relative to unexpanded parent material compared to those made according to others methods.

Methods and reactors for electrochemically expanding a parent material and expanded parent materials are described. Current methods of expanding parent materials incompletely-expand parent material, requiring expensive and time-consuming separation of expanded parent material from unexpanded parent materials. This problem is addressed by the methods and reactor for electrochemically expanding a parent material described herein, which during operation maintain electrical connectivity between the parent material and an electrical power source. The resulting materials described herein have a greater proportion of expanded parent material relative to unexpanded parent material compared to those made according to others methods.