A method is disclosed for nitrogen recovery from an ammonium including fluid and a bio-electrochemical system for the same. In an embodiment, the method includes providing an anode compartment including an anode; providing a cathode compartment including a cathode, wherein the compartments are separated by at least one ion exchange membrane; providing the ammonium comprising fluid in the anode compartment and a second fluid in the cathode compartment; applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode; and extracting nitrogen from the cathode compartment.

A method is disclosed for nitrogen recovery from an ammonium including fluid and a bio-electrochemical system for the same. In an embodiment, the method includes providing an anode compartment including an anode; providing a cathode compartment including a cathode, wherein the compartments are separated by at least one ion exchange membrane; providing the ammonium comprising fluid in the anode compartment and a second fluid in the cathode compartment; applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode; and extracting nitrogen from the cathode compartment.

Methods and apparatus to reduce biological carryover using induction heating are disclosed herein. An example method includes washing an aspiration and dispense device. The example method includes generating an alternating electromagnetic field and introducing the aspiration and dispense device into the alternating electromagnetic field. The example method includes inductively heating the aspiration and dispense device with the alternating electromagnetic field. In the example method, the washing is to occur in concert with the heating.

An orientation independent delivery device. The delivery device includes a gas chamber, a delivery chamber, a gas cell, and a delivery aperture. The gas chamber includes a gas-side rigid portion and a gas-side flexible barrier. The gas-side flexible barrier is sealed to the gas-side rigid portion. The delivery chamber includes a delivery-side rigid portion and a delivery-side flexible barrier. The delivery-side flexible barrier is sealed to the delivery-side rigid portion and is oriented adjacent to the gas-side flexible barrier. The gas cell is coupled to the gas-side rigid portion of the gas chamber. The gas cell increases a gas pressure within the gas chamber to expand the gas-side flexible barrier. Expansion of the gas-side flexible barrier applies a compressive force to the delivery-side flexible barrier allowing a delivery material to escape from the delivery chamber.

An electrochemical device, configured for electric power storage, including: a reactor, the wall of the reactor being configured to form a first electrode, the reactor being provided with an electrolyte inlet and an electrolyte outlet, a central electrode arranged in the centre of the reactor, additional electrodes E.sub.x, with x an integer ranging from 1 to n, the additional electrodes E.sub.x being tubular and arranged around the central electrode.

The invention relates to an integrated process for continuous production of liquid hydrogen, comprising (a) producing gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis; and (b) liquefying said gaseous hydrogen in a hydrogen liquefaction unit, which liquefaction unit is powered by energy essentially from renewable sources; and, (c) when additional power is needed, using electrical energy generated in a process in which electrical energy and hydrogen are co-generated by an integrated electrolysis process comprising: (d) electrolysing a metal salt or mixture of metal salts and water into the corresponding metal or metals, acid or acids, and oxygen (electricity storage phase), and (e) producing gaseous hydrogen and recovering electricity in a regeneration reaction of the metal (s) and acid(s) of step (d) (regeneration phase); wherein at least part of the gaseous hydrogen generated in step (e) is used in step (b) of the process.

The invention relates to an integrated process for continuous production of liquid hydrogen, comprising (a) producing gaseous hydrogen by electrolysis; and (b) liquefying said gaseous hydrogen in a hydrogen liquefaction unit, which liquefaction unit is powered by energy essentially from renewable sources; and, (c) when additional power is needed, using electrical energy generated in a process in which electrical energy and hydrogen are co-generated by an integrated electrolysis process comprising: (d) electrolysing a metal salt or mixture of metal salts and water into the corresponding metal or metals, acid or acids, and oxygen (electricity storage phase), and (e) producing gaseous hydrogen and recovering electricity in a regeneration reaction of the metal (s) and acid(s) of step (d) (regeneration phase); wherein at least part of the gaseous hydrogen generated in step (e) is used in step (b) of the process.

A fuel cell energy circulative utilization system includes an input energy, a first electric cell having an electricity output terminal and an energy output terminal, a second electric cell having an electricity input terminal, an energy input terminal, and an energy output terminal, and an energy circulation control device connected among the first and second electric cells and the input energy. The input energy includes an energy source containing hydrocarbons or hydrogen and connected to an energy input port of the first electric cell in order to make the first electric cell outputs electricity through the electricity output terminal and energy products of thermal energy and water through the energy output terminal. The electricity output terminal and the energy output terminal for thermal energy and water of the first electric cell are respectively connected to the electricity input terminal and the energy input terminal of the second electric cell, in order to make the second electric cell to at least output a hydrogen source through the energy output terminal thereof to the energy circulation control device, so that the energy circulation control device controls circulation of hydrogen for feeding to the energy input terminal of the first electric cell for reuse. The energy circulation control device is also operable to switch operations of the first and second electric cells between working modes of solid oxide electrolysis cell and solid oxide fuel cell.

A fuel cell energy circulative utilization system includes an input energy, a first electric cell having an electricity output terminal and an energy output terminal, a second electric cell having an electricity input terminal, an energy input terminal, and an energy output terminal, and an energy circulation control device connected among the first and second electric cells and the input energy. The input energy includes an energy source containing hydrocarbons or hydrogen and connected to an energy input port of the first electric cell in order to make the first electric cell outputs electricity through the electricity output terminal and energy products of thermal energy and water through the energy output terminal. The electricity output terminal and the energy output terminal for thermal energy and water of the first electric cell are respectively connected to the electricity input terminal and the energy input terminal of the second electric cell, in order to make the second electric cell to at least output a hydrogen source through the energy output terminal thereof to the energy circulation control device, so that the energy circulation control device controls circulation of hydrogen for feeding to the energy input terminal of the first electric cell for reuse. The energy circulation control device is also operable to switch operations of the first and second electric cells between working modes of solid oxide electrolysis cell and solid oxide fuel cell.

An electrolyzer is disclosed. The electrolyzer includes a container, electrode ports, and a plurality of electrodes that extend from outside of the container through the electrode ports into the container. The plurality of electrodes wind in a first direction for a first distance away from the electrode ports, and in a second direction toward the electrode ports.