Systems and methods of enhancing oil recovery with an electrochemical apparatus include introducing the electrochemical apparatus into an injection well bore. The electrochemical apparatus includes an anode, a cathode and an interior wall, the interior wall defining an interior that contains both the anode and the cathode. The electrochemical apparatus is operated such that injection water of the injection well bore is introduced into the interior of the electrochemical apparatus. Electrical power is introduced to the electrochemical apparatus such that a portion of the injection water is converted into a product gas, the product gas including hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The electrochemical apparatus is operated such that the product gas forms product gas bubbles and the product gas bubbles travel into a formation, where the product gas bubbles react with a reservoir hydrocarbon of the formation to form a production fluid that is produced through a production well bore.

A CO.sub.2 capture and sequestration system. The system includes a reduction cell for separating a solvent-based carrier having an anode generating oxygen and a cathode generating hydrogen from the solvent-based carrier. In addition, the system includes a power supply for providing electrical power to the anode and the cathode. An electrolysis process occurs where oxygen and hydrogen are produced. The anode and the cathode include a plurality of geometrical constructs to increase an active surface area of the anode and cathode to increase an efficiency of the electrolysis process. The geometrical constructs may include vias and pillars.

A CO.sub.2 capture and sequestration system. The system includes a reduction cell for separating a solvent-based carrier having an anode generating oxygen and a cathode generating hydrogen from the solvent-based carrier. In addition, the system includes a power supply for providing electrical power to the anode and the cathode. An electrolysis process occurs where oxygen and hydrogen are produced. The anode and the cathode include a plurality of geometrical constructs to increase an active surface area of the anode and cathode to increase an efficiency of the electrolysis process. The geometrical constructs may include vias and pillars.

The present invention relates to a continuous micro-electro-flow reactor system for ultra-fast, oxidant free, C—C coupling reaction for making symmetrical biaryls and analogs thereof. This invention further relates to the said process for preparation of antiviral drug, daclatasvir of general formula I.

According to one embodiment, an electrolytic cell includes: a housing for retaining an electrolytic solution; a diaphragm that partitions an interior of the housing into an anode-side cell and a cathode-side cell; an anode electrode that is provided in the anode-side cell and has most of a surface in contact with an anode-side gas phase; and a cathode electrode that is provided in the cathode-side cell and has most of a surface in contact with a cathode-side gas phase. According to the other embodiment, a hydrogen production apparatus according to the present embodiment includes: an electrolytic solution tank that retains an electrolytic solution; and a pump that supplies the electrolytic solution between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode from the electrolytic solution tank.

According to one embodiment, an electrolytic cell includes: a housing for retaining an electrolytic solution; a diaphragm that partitions an interior of the housing into an anode-side cell and a cathode-side cell; an anode electrode that is provided in the anode-side cell and has most of a surface in contact with an anode-side gas phase; and a cathode electrode that is provided in the cathode-side cell and has most of a surface in contact with a cathode-side gas phase. According to the other embodiment, a hydrogen production apparatus according to the present embodiment includes: an electrolytic solution tank that retains an electrolytic solution; and a pump that supplies the electrolytic solution between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode from the electrolytic solution tank.

A radiation-assisted (typically solar-assisted) electrolyzer cell and panel for high-efficiency hydrogen production comprises a photoelectrode and electrode pair, with said photoelectrode comprising either a photoanode electrically coupled to a cathode shared with an anode, or a photocathode electrically coupled to an anode shared with a cathode; electrolyte; gas separators; all within a container divided into two chambers by said shared cathode or shared anode, and at least a portion of which is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation required by said photoanode (or photocathode) to apply photovoltage to a shared cathode (or anode) that increases the electrolysis current and hydrogen production.

A radiation-assisted (typically solar-assisted) electrolyzer cell and panel for high-efficiency hydrogen production comprises a photoelectrode and electrode pair, with said photoelectrode comprising either a photoanode electrically coupled to a cathode shared with an anode, or a photocathode electrically coupled to an anode shared with a cathode; electrolyte; gas separators; all within a container divided into two chambers by said shared cathode or shared anode, and at least a portion of which is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation required by said photoanode (or photocathode) to apply photovoltage to a shared cathode (or anode) that increases the electrolysis current and hydrogen production.

An electrolytic cell built in the form of a capacitor of cylindrical plates. The cylindrical plates include electrodes of the electrolytic cell formed using tubes arranged in a substantially concentric way within each other defining a central electrode, an outer electrode and a space between electrodes. The central electrode corresponds to an anode of the capacitor. The outer electrode corresponds to the cathode of the capacitor. The cell includes an electrolyte corresponding to a dielectric of the capacitor.

An electrolytic cell built in the form of a capacitor of cylindrical plates. The cylindrical plates include electrodes of the electrolytic cell formed using tubes arranged in a substantially concentric way within each other defining a central electrode, an outer electrode and a space between electrodes. The central electrode corresponds to an anode of the capacitor. The outer electrode corresponds to the cathode of the capacitor. The cell includes an electrolyte corresponding to a dielectric of the capacitor.