An elastic mattress being conductive and including a plurality of hill parts and valley parts, which have been formed by a curved state of the elastic mattress, wherein the hill parts include concave parts having depths smaller than heights of the hill parts, and the valley parts include projections having heights smaller than depths of the valley parts.

A system for producing gas streams for use in synthetic fuel production through CO2 capture and water splitting is disclosed. The system includes a CO2 capture device configured to receive a CO2-containing stream and including an aqueous alkaline solution. The alkaline solution includes hydroxide and/or carbonate ions. The CO2 capture device generates a carbon-rich solution when the alkaline solution absorbs CO2. The carbon-rich solution includes carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions. The system also includes an electrolyzer fluidically coupled to the CO2 capture device, and defining a volume including an anode region having an anode, and a cathode region having a cathode. The volume includes an electrolyte solution having a pH gradient generated by an electric current, causing the electrolyte solution to be acidic in the anode region and alkaline in the cathode region. The carbon-rich solution is received into the electrolyzer. The electrolyzer generates hydrogen, oxygen, and CO2 streams.

Disclosed is an electrolysis device including an electrolytic cell composed of an anode compartment equipped with an anode, a cathode compartment equipped with a cathode, and a diaphragm separating the anode compartment and the cathode compartment from each other. The device further includes an alkaline solution supply unit for supplying an alkaline solution as an electrolyte to the anode compartment, an acidic solution supply unit for supplying an acidic solution as an electrolyte to the cathode compartment, and first and second outlets for discharging electrolyzed water from the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, respectively. In the anode compartment, hydroxide ions of the alkaline solution generate oxygen through an electrode reaction, and, in the cathode compartment, hydrogen ions generate hydrogen through an electrode reaction.

Disclosed is an electrolysis device including an electrolytic cell composed of an anode compartment equipped with an anode, a cathode compartment equipped with a cathode, and a diaphragm separating the anode compartment and the cathode compartment from each other. The device further includes an alkaline solution supply unit for supplying an alkaline solution as an electrolyte to the anode compartment, an acidic solution supply unit for supplying an acidic solution as an electrolyte to the cathode compartment, and first and second outlets for discharging electrolyzed water from the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, respectively. In the anode compartment, hydroxide ions of the alkaline solution generate oxygen through an electrode reaction, and, in the cathode compartment, hydrogen ions generate hydrogen through an electrode reaction.

A process for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide using a three-compartment cell provides low voltage requirements, high faradaic efficiencies, and high concentration of formic acid in product solutions. The applied voltage between anode and cathode should be less than 3.5V. Carbon dioxide may be converted to an organic acid.

A process for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide using a three-compartment cell provides low voltage requirements, high faradaic efficiencies, and high concentration of formic acid in product solutions. The applied voltage between anode and cathode should be less than 3.5V. Carbon dioxide may be converted to an organic acid.

In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.

In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.

Described are electrochemical systems and methods for the generation of high purity hydride gases, e.g. for delivery to semiconductor fabrication reactors.

Described are electrochemical systems and methods for the generation of high purity hydride gases, e.g. for delivery to semiconductor fabrication reactors.