Printhead for a 3D manufacturing system that uses metal electrodeposition to construct parts; embodiments utilize a grid of anodes to achieve high quality parts with features that may be small and detailed. To support grids with thousands or millions of anodes, the printhead may use matrix control with row and column drivers similar to display backplanes. Unlike display backplanes where the design goal is to display images using minimal current, the printhead may be optimized for high current density for fast electrodeposition, and for anode longevity. Current density may exceed 1000 mA per cm-squared, at least an order of magnitude greater than that of display backplanes. Anode longevity may be enhanced by using relatively large anodes compared to the grid pitch of the printhead, by lengthening the conductive paths through anodes, or both. Embodiments may be constructed by adding anode and insulation layers on top of matrix-controlled switching circuits.

Printhead for a 3D manufacturing system that uses metal electrodeposition to construct parts; embodiments utilize a grid of anodes to achieve high quality parts with features that may be small and detailed. To support grids with thousands or millions of anodes, the printhead may use matrix control with row and column drivers similar to display backplanes. Unlike display backplanes where the design goal is to display images using minimal current, the printhead may be optimized for high current density for fast electrodeposition, and for anode longevity. Current density may exceed 1000 mA per cm-squared, at least an order of magnitude greater than that of display backplanes. Anode longevity may be enhanced by using relatively large anodes compared to the grid pitch of the printhead, by lengthening the conductive paths through anodes, or both. Embodiments may be constructed by adding anode and insulation layers on top of matrix-controlled switching circuits.

An apparatus and method of fabricating magnetic structures utilizing nanocomposites to build bulk magnetic materials, with controlled magnetic alignments are provided. The method includes application of an editing tool, such as a laser, for patterning an editable structure that mounted on an electrically conductive substrate and filling the pattern with solid materials to create the magnetic structures.

Disclosed herein is a composition for copper bump electrodeposition including copper ions and at least one additive including a polyalkyleneimine backbone including N-hydrogen atoms, where (a) the polyalkyleneimine backbone has a mass average molecular weight Mw of from 900 g/mol to 100 000 g/mol, (b) the N-hydrogen atoms are each substituted by a C2 to C6 polyoxyalkylene group, and (c) the average number of oxyalkylene units in the polyoxyalkylene group is from more than 10 to less than 30 per N-hydrogen atoms in the polyalkyleneimine.

Disclosed herein is a composition for copper bump electrodeposition including copper ions and at least one additive including a polyalkyleneimine backbone including N-hydrogen atoms, where (a) the polyalkyleneimine backbone has a mass average molecular weight Mw of from 900 g/mol to 100 000 g/mol, (b) the N-hydrogen atoms are each substituted by a C2 to C6 polyoxyalkylene group, and (c) the average number of oxyalkylene units in the polyoxyalkylene group is from more than 10 to less than 30 per N-hydrogen atoms in the polyalkyleneimine.

A method for preparing organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower by electrodeposition is provided, which relates to the technical field of enzyme immobilization. An aqueous solution of a rare earth nitrate is mixed with a biological enzyme and a nitrate to obtain a mixed solution; the rare earth ions in the rare earth nitrate are one or more selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Y ions; the biological enzyme is α-amylase, horseradish peroxidase or laccase; then, the mixed solution is electrodeposited with a three-electrode system consisting of a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode to obtain an electrodeposited film on the surface of the working electrode; thereafter, the electrodeposited film is washed and dried successively to obtain organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower.

A hydrogen evolution assisted electroplating nozzle includes a nozzle tip configured to interface with a portion of a substructure. The nozzle also includes an inner coaxial tube connected to a reservoir containing an electrolyte and an anode, the inner coaxial tube configured to dispense the electrolyte through the nozzle tip onto the portion of the substructure. The nozzle also includes an outer coaxial tube encompassing the inner coaxial tube, the outer coaxial tube configured to extract the electrolyte from the portion of the substructure. The nozzle also includes at least one contact pin configured to make electrical contact with a conductive track on the substrate.

An electrochemical additive manufacturing method includes positioning a build plate into an electrolyte solution. The conductive layer comprises at least one conductive-layer segment forming a pattern corresponding with a component. The method further comprises connecting the at least one conductive-layer segment and one or more deposition anodes to a power source. The one or more deposition anodes correspond with at least a portion of the pattern formed by the at least one conductive-layer segment. The method additionally comprises transmitting electrical energy from the power source through the one or more deposition anodes of the plurality of deposition anodes corresponding with the at least the portion of the pattern formed by the at least one conductive-layer segment, through the electrolyte solution, and to the at least one conductive-layer segment, such that material is deposited onto the at least one conductive-layer segment and forms at least a portion of the component.

A plating apparatus (10) is disclosed including a plating tank (9), cathodes (1a to 1f), a holding mechanism (2), at least one anode (3), and a rotation mechanism (4). The plating tank (9) contains an annularly or helically wound substrate (90) together with a plating solution. The cathodes (1a to 1f) are placed inside the plating tank (9). The holding mechanism (2) holds the cathodes (1a to 1f) at positions electrically connected to the outer periphery of the substrate (90) and holds the substrate (90) via the cathodes (1a to 1f). The anode (3) is placed at least on the inner periphery side of the substrate (90) held by the holding mechanism (2). The rotation mechanism (4) rotates at least either the substrate (90) and cathodes (1a to 1f) held by the holding mechanism (2) or the anode (3), or both, around the axis of the wound substrate (90).

A method for producing 225.sup.A including: a method (X) for purifying a .sup.226Ra-containing solution, including an adsorption step of allowing a .sup.226Ra ion to adsorb onto a carrier having a function of selectively adsorbing a divalent cation by bringing a .sup.226Ra-containing solution into contact with the carrier under an alkaline condition, and an elution step of eluting the .sup.226Ra ion from the carrier under an acidic condition; a method for producing a .sup.226Ra target, including an electrodeposition liquid preparation step of preparing an electrodeposition liquid by using a purified .sup.226Ra-containing solution obtained by the method (X), and an electrodeposition step of electrodepositing a .sup.226Ra-containing substance on a substrate by using the electrodeposition liquid; and a step of irradiating a .sup.226Ra target produced by the method for producing a .sup.226Ra target with at least one selected from a charged particle, a photon, and a neutron by using an accelerator.