A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes: forming a resist layer; exposing first areas of the resist layer spaced apart from each other; after exposing the first areas, exposing second areas of the resist layer, the second areas being spaces between the first areas; forming first and second openings spaced apart from each other in the first and second areas by developing the resist layer; and forming a plurality of conductor patterns by filling the first and second openings with conductors.

An exemplary embodiment relates to improving a driving speed of a shape-memory-alloy applied as an artificial muscle, and to improving heat conduction and thermal convection by growing copper nanowires on the surface of the shape-memory-alloy to improve a natural cooling rate and a driving speed of the shape-memory-alloy.

A glass wiring board that can be kept from cracking by better preventing concentration of stresses in a glass plate on which a conductor layer including an electrolytic copper plating layer is provided, the wiring board includes: a glass plate; a first metal layer covering at least a part of the glass plate; and a second metal layer covering at least a part of the first metal layer, and the area of the first metal layer in contact with the second metal layer is smaller than the area of the second metal layer facing the first metal layer.

A glass wiring board that can be kept from cracking by better preventing concentration of stresses in a glass plate on which a conductor layer including an electrolytic copper plating layer is provided, the wiring board includes: a glass plate; a first metal layer covering at least a part of the glass plate; and a second metal layer covering at least a part of the first metal layer, and the area of the first metal layer in contact with the second metal layer is smaller than the area of the second metal layer facing the first metal layer.

A composite sheet for shielding electromagnetic and radiating heat includes: a first layer formed of metal; and a second layer that is a graphene layer formed on one surface of the first layer and including charged chemically modified graphene such that thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding ability are improved while securing economic efficiency by using the second layer including the charged chemically modified graphene and the graphene flakes.

A catalyst for decomposition of hydrocarbons that is hard to cause deterioration of catalytic properties and suitable for producing hydrogen in a highly efficient manner for a long period is provided. The catalyst for the decomposition of hydrocarbons includes a nickel-containing layer exposed on a support layer selected from the group consisting of iron, cast iron, steel, copper, nickel, copper alloy, and iron nickel alloy. The catalyst for decomposition of hydrocarbons is produced by contacting a raw material of the catalyst with methane gas at an elevated temperature of 800° C. for 4 to 72 hours with an average residence time beyond 14 minutes. The catalyst further includes an interlayer comprising copper between the support layer and the nickel-containing layer, or the support layer is copper or copper alloy.

The present disclosure relates to a metal air filter including: a filter which is formed of a metallic material by electrodeposition and has a nano branch structure; an ionizer which conducts particles to be captured by the filter with negative charges; and a power supply which supplies a positive voltage for conducting the filter with positive charges and a negative voltage for the ionizer. The filter can be more simply manufactured at a lower cost than a conventional process.

The present disclosure relates to a metal air filter including: a filter which is formed of a metallic material by electrodeposition and has a nano branch structure; an ionizer which conducts particles to be captured by the filter with negative charges; and a power supply which supplies a positive voltage for conducting the filter with positive charges and a negative voltage for the ionizer. The filter can be more simply manufactured at a lower cost than a conventional process.

A terminal component disclosed herein includes a first metal and a second metal stacked on the first metal. On the first metal, nickel is plated at least on a boundary surface with the second metal. A joining portion joined by diffusion of the metals is formed in a portion of a boundary between the first metal and the second metal.

Provided is a jewelry ring comprising a substrate, a first coating of a metallic nitride or a metallic boride, and an external metallic coating. Also provided is a metallic article comprising a substrate comprising tungsten carbide, cobalt, tungsten, titanium, titanium carbide, zirconium, tantalum or aluminum; a first coating of a metallic nitride or a metallic boride; and an external metallic coating.