A method for increasing a detection distance of a surface of an object illuminated by near-IR electromagnetic radiation, including: (a) directing near-IR electromagnetic radiation from a near-IR electromagnetic radiation source towards an object at least partially coated with a near-IR reflective coating that increases a near-IR electromagnetic radiation detection distance by at least 15% as measured at a wavelength in a near-IR range as compared to the same object coated with a color matched coating which absorbs more of the same near-IR radiation, where the color matched coating has a ?E color matched value of 1.5 or less when compared to the near-IR reflective coating; and (b) detecting reflected near-IR electromagnetic radiation reflected from the near-IR reflective coating. A system for detecting proximity of vehicles is also disclosed.

Provided are methods for forming graphene or functionalized graphene thin films. Also provided are graphene and functionalized graphene thin films formed by the methods. For example, electrophoretic deposition methods and stamping methods are used. Defect-free thin films can be formed. Patterned films can be formed. The methods can provide conformal coatings on non-planar substrates.

Equipment for the generative manufacture and/or repair of components, in particular of gas turbines, includes a solidifying means for the layer-by-layer, local, particularly optical, thermal, and/or chemical solidification of particularly powdered, granular, and/or fluid material, and an electrodeposition means for the electrostatic deposition of particles and/or gas from a region between a layer of material, which is to be solidified or is solidified, and the solidifying means, as well as a method for the generative manufacture and/or repair of components, in particular of gas turbines, by means of such equipment.

Equipment for the generative manufacture and/or repair of components, in particular of gas turbines, includes a solidifying means for the layer-by-layer, local, particularly optical, thermal, and/or chemical solidification of particularly powdered, granular, and/or fluid material, and an electrodeposition means for the electrostatic deposition of particles and/or gas from a region between a layer of material, which is to be solidified or is solidified, and the solidifying means, as well as a method for the generative manufacture and/or repair of components, in particular of gas turbines, by means of such equipment.

Damascene templates have two-dimensionally patterned raised metal features disposed on an underlying conductive layer extending across a substrate. The templates are topographically flat overall, and the patterned conductive features establish micron-scale and nanometer-scale patterns for the assembly of nanoelements into nanoscale circuits and sensors. The templates are made using microfabrication techniques together with chemical mechanical polishing. These templates are compatible with various directed assembly techniques, including electrophoresis, and offer essentially 100% efficient assembly and transfer of nanoelements in a continuous operation cycle. The templates can be repeatedly used for transfer of patterned nanoelements thousands of times with minimal or no damage, and the transfer process involves no intermediate processes between cycles. The assembly and transfer processes employed are carried out at room temperature and pressure and are thus amenable to low cost, high-rate device production.

Damascene templates have two-dimensionally patterned raised metal features disposed on an underlying conductive layer extending across a substrate. The templates are topographically flat overall, and the patterned conductive features establish micron-scale and nanometer-scale patterns for the assembly of nanoelements into nanoscale circuits and sensors. The templates are made using microfabrication techniques together with chemical mechanical polishing. These templates are compatible with various directed assembly techniques, including electrophoresis, and offer essentially 100% efficient assembly and transfer of nanoelements in a continuous operation cycle. The templates can be repeatedly used for transfer of patterned nanoelements thousands of times with minimal or no damage, and the transfer process involves no intermediate processes between cycles. The assembly and transfer processes employed are carried out at room temperature and pressure and are thus amenable to low cost, high-rate device production.

[Object] There are provided automobile parts and a method for manufacturing the automobile parts. The automobile parts have an excellent corrosion resistance after coated with a electrodeposition paint with smaller thickness, improve formability and productivity in hot pressing, and also improve chemical conversion treatability after hot press-forming.

[Solution] An automobile part according to the present invention includes: a formed steel sheet having an intermetallic compound layer formed on a surface of the steel sheet, the intermetallic compound layer being formed of AlFe intermetallic compound having a thickness of 10 m or more and 50 m or less, the intermetallic compound layer including a diffusion layer positioned in closest proximity to the steel sheet, the diffusion layer having a thickness of 10 m or less; a surface coating layer provided on a surface of the intermetallic compound layer, the surface coating layer including a coating containing ZnO and a zinc phosphate coating and having a surface roughness of 3 m or more and 20 m or less as a maximum profile height Rt in accordance with JIS B0601 (2001); and an electrodeposition paint film provided on a surface of the surface coating layer and having a thickness of 6 m or more and less than 15 m.

[Object] There are provided automobile parts and a method for manufacturing the automobile parts. The automobile parts have an excellent corrosion resistance after coated with a electrodeposition paint with smaller thickness, improve formability and productivity in hot pressing, and also improve chemical conversion treatability after hot press-forming.

[Solution] An automobile part according to the present invention includes: a formed steel sheet having an intermetallic compound layer formed on a surface of the steel sheet, the intermetallic compound layer being formed of AlFe intermetallic compound having a thickness of 10 m or more and 50 m or less, the intermetallic compound layer including a diffusion layer positioned in closest proximity to the steel sheet, the diffusion layer having a thickness of 10 m or less; a surface coating layer provided on a surface of the intermetallic compound layer, the surface coating layer including a coating containing ZnO and a zinc phosphate coating and having a surface roughness of 3 m or more and 20 m or less as a maximum profile height Rt in accordance with JIS B0601 (2001); and an electrodeposition paint film provided on a surface of the surface coating layer and having a thickness of 6 m or more and less than 15 m.

A method for increasing a detection distance of a surface of an object illuminated by near-IR electromagnetic radiation, including: (a) directing near-IR electromagnetic radiation from a near-IR electromagnetic radiation source towards an object at least partially coated with a near-IR reflective coating that increases a near-IR electromagnetic radiation detection distance by at least 15% as measured at a wavelength in a near-IR range as compared to the same object coated with a color matched coating which absorbs more of the same near-IR radiation, where the color matched coating has a ?E color matched value of 1.5 or less when compared to the near-IR reflective coating; and (b) detecting reflected near-IR electromagnetic radiation reflected from the near-IR reflective coating. A system for detecting proximity of vehicles is also disclosed.

A method for increasing a detection distance of a surface of an object illuminated by near-IR electromagnetic radiation, including: (a) directing near-IR electromagnetic radiation from a near-IR electromagnetic radiation source towards an object at least partially coated with a near-IR reflective coating that increases a near-IR electromagnetic radiation detection distance by at least 15% as measured at a wavelength in a near-IR range as compared to the same object coated with a color matched coating which absorbs more of the same near-IR radiation, where the color matched coating has a ?E color matched value of 1.5 or less when compared to the near-IR reflective coating; and (b) detecting reflected near-IR electromagnetic radiation reflected from the near-IR reflective coating. A system for detecting proximity of vehicles is also disclosed.