An electrochemical machining apparatus includes a fastening bracket, a first drive member positioned on the fastening bracket, a connecting member, a first electrode connected to the connecting member, a second driving member, a second electrode connected to the second driving member, a moving assembly positioned on the fastening bracket, an electrolytic cell positioned on moving assembly, a pump, and a vacuum pump. The first electrode defines a plurality of liquid collecting grooves spaced from each other. Each liquid collecting grooves defines a plurality of second through holes. At least one liquid collecting groove is connected to the pump, and the other liquid collecting grooves are connected to the vacuum pump. The portion of the second electrode can be inserted into and depart from the second through holes.

A method is provided for manufacturing a component. The method includes connecting a component comprising an internal passage and formed by an additive manufacturing process to a power supply, the component functioning as an anode, connecting a cathode to the power supply, the cathode being disposed in an electrolyte solution, the cathode being positioned externally to the internal passage of the component, contacting the internal passage of the component with the electrolyte solution, and using the power supply, applying a potential difference and current flow between the component and the cathode.

A method is provided for manufacturing a component. The method includes connecting a component comprising an internal passage and formed by an additive manufacturing process to a power supply, the component functioning as an anode, connecting a cathode to the power supply, the cathode being disposed in an electrolyte solution, the cathode being positioned externally to the internal passage of the component, contacting the internal passage of the component with the electrolyte solution, and using the power supply, applying a potential difference and current flow between the component and the cathode.

A substrate electrolytic processing apparatus capable of leveling an electric-field shielding rate with no need to increase its size is disclosed. The substrate electrolytic processing apparatus includes a processing bath for holding a processing solution, a substrate holder for holding a substrate and capable of locating the substrate in the processing bath, a counter electrode disposed in the processing bath and serving as an electrode opposite to the substrate, and a paddle disposed between the counter electrode and the substrate and configured to reciprocate parallel to a surface of the substrate so as to agitate the processing solution. The paddle includes agitation rods disposed in an inner region of the paddle and agitation rods disposed in an outer region of the paddle, and gaps between the agitation rods disposed in the outer region is smaller than gaps between the agitation rods disposed in the inner region.

A substrate electrolytic processing apparatus capable of leveling an electric-field shielding rate with no need to increase its size is disclosed. The substrate electrolytic processing apparatus includes a processing bath for holding a processing solution, a substrate holder for holding a substrate and capable of locating the substrate in the processing bath, a counter electrode disposed in the processing bath and serving as an electrode opposite to the substrate, and a paddle disposed between the counter electrode and the substrate and configured to reciprocate parallel to a surface of the substrate so as to agitate the processing solution. The paddle includes agitation rods disposed in an inner region of the paddle and agitation rods disposed in an outer region of the paddle, and gaps between the agitation rods disposed in the outer region is smaller than gaps between the agitation rods disposed in the inner region.

A method of treating a cutter element comprises contacting at least a portion of a volume of polycrystalline diamond with an electrolyte solution, applying an electrical current between the volume of the polycrystalline diamond and a counter electrode to maintain a predetermined electrochemical potential between a reference electrode and the volume of polycrystalline diamond, and corroding at least a portion of the catalyst material from the interstitial spaces between the diamond grains in the volume of polycrystalline diamond. The volume of the polycrystalline diamond comprises interbonded diamond grains and a catalyst material disposed in the interstitial spaces between adjacent diamond grains in the volume of polycrystalline diamond. The counter electrode is in contact with the electrolyte solution, and the electrical current is supplied at a substantially constant electrochemical potential between a reference electrode and the volume of polycrystalline diamond.

A method of treating a cutter element comprises contacting at least a portion of a volume of polycrystalline diamond with an electrolyte solution, applying an electrical current between the volume of the polycrystalline diamond and a counter electrode to maintain a predetermined electrochemical potential between a reference electrode and the volume of polycrystalline diamond, and corroding at least a portion of the catalyst material from the interstitial spaces between the diamond grains in the volume of polycrystalline diamond. The volume of the polycrystalline diamond comprises interbonded diamond grains and a catalyst material disposed in the interstitial spaces between adjacent diamond grains in the volume of polycrystalline diamond. The counter electrode is in contact with the electrolyte solution, and the electrical current is supplied at a substantially constant electrochemical potential between a reference electrode and the volume of polycrystalline diamond.

A method is provided for precisely enlarging a nanopore formed in a membrane. The method includes: applying an electric potential across the nanopore, where the electric potential has a pulsed waveform oscillating between a high value and a low value; measuring current flowing though the nanopore while the electric potential is being applied to the nanopore at a low value; determining size of the nanopore based in part on the measured current; and removing the electric potential applied to the membrane when the size of the nanopore corresponds to a desired size.

A method is provided for precisely enlarging a nanopore formed in a membrane. The method includes: applying an electric potential across the nanopore, where the electric potential has a pulsed waveform oscillating between a high value and a low value; measuring current flowing though the nanopore while the electric potential is being applied to the nanopore at a low value; determining size of the nanopore based in part on the measured current; and removing the electric potential applied to the membrane when the size of the nanopore corresponds to a desired size.

The present disclosure describes methods and systems comprising hydrodynamic cavitation, microwave irradiation, and at least one of oxidative sonoelectrolysis and reductive sonoelectrolysis, providing feedstock purification of at least one of water, fluid and mineral. Contaminants, broken down and chemically degraded into smaller and more volatile substances by hydrodynamic cavitation are ultimately destroyed in the course of one or more sonoelectrolysis steps. In various embodiments, at least one of oxidative sonoelectrolysis and reductive sonoelectrolysis is irradiated with microwaves in order to heat the sonoplasma present within acoustic cavitation bubbles to temperatures sufficient to destroy contaminants therein.