Disclosed are methods that couple effective nesting of fabric, as part of a textile cutting process, in which designs and/or graphic elements are directly printed on the nested elements, instead of on the entire textile sheet. Embodiments of the invention can address issues of waste and redundant printing, such as by starting with a blank textile roll, and printing only in the geometry areas of the patterns. Embodiments of the invention can increase fabric yield, because there are no constraints between the pattern geometries and the textile sheet print.

Disclosed are methods that couple effective nesting of fabric, as part of a textile cutting process, in which designs and/or graphic elements are directly printed on the nested elements, instead of on the entire textile sheet. Embodiments of the invention can address issues of waste and redundant printing, such as by starting with a blank textile roll, and printing only in the geometry areas of the patterns. Embodiments of the invention can increase fabric yield, because there are no constraints between the pattern geometries and the textile sheet print.

An ink film construction including: (a) a first printing substrate selected from the group consisting of an uncoated fibrous printing substrate, a commodity coated fibrous printing substrate, and a plastic printing substrate; and (b) an ink dot set contained within a square geometric projection projecting on the first printing substrate, the ink dot set containing at least 10 distinct ink dots, fixedly adhered to a surface of the first printing substrate, all the ink dots within the square geometric projection being counted as individual members of the set, each of the ink dots containing at least one colorant dispersed in an organic polymeric resin, each of the dots having an average thickness of less than 2,000 nm, and a diameter of 5 to 300 micrometers; each ink dot of the ink dots having a generally convex shape in which a deviation from convexity, (DC.sub.dot), is defined by: DC.sub.dot=1AA/CSA, AA being a calculated projected area of the dot, the area disposed generally parallel to the first fibrous printing substrate; and CSA being a surface area of a convex shape that minimally bounds a contour of the projected area; wherein a mean deviation from convexity (DC.sub.dot mean) of the ink dot set is at most 0.05.

An ink film construction including: (a) a printing substrate; and (b) at least one ink film, fixedly adhered to a top surface of the printing substrate, the ink film having an upper film surface distal to the top surface of the substrate, wherein a surface concentration of nitrogen at the upper film surface exceeds a bulk concentration of nitrogen within the film, the bulk concentration measured at a depth of at least 30 nanometers below the upper film surface, and wherein a ratio of the surface concentration to the bulk concentration is at least 1.1 to 1.

Disclosed are insulating materials, and in particular materials that offer improved insulation properties without compromising breathability. The insulating materials may include a base material having a moisture vapor transfer rate (MVTR) of at least 2000 g/m.sup.2/24 h (JIS 1099 A1); a plurality of heat-reflecting elements coupled to a first side of the base material, each heat-reflecting element having a heat-reflecting surface and being positioned to reflect heat towards an underlying surface; and a plurality of spacer elements coupled to the first side of the base material, each spacer element sized and shaped to reduce contact of the heat-reflecting elements with the underlying surface

Disclosed are methods that couple effective nesting of fabric, as part of a textile cutting process, in which designs and/or graphic elements are directly printed on the nested elements, instead of on the entire textile sheet. Embodiments of the invention can address issues of waste and redundant printing, such as by starting with a blank textile roll, and printing only in the geometry areas of the patterns. Embodiments of the invention can increase fabric yield, because there are no constraints between the pattern geometries and the textile sheet print.

Aspects are directed to a textile substrate with two or more ink layers and methods for printing a textile substrate. The two or more ink layers may include one or more visual components that form graphics or images that are visible to an observer when viewing the textile substrate from different angles.

A process for forming a seam construction on a substrate includes steps of: a) providing a first thread coated with a first curable resinous material; b) providing a second thread coated with a second curable resinous material; c) forming a stitch knot; and d) curing the stitch knot to chemically bond the first and second curable resinous materials together.

A textile product (1) comprising individual elements (4) interconnected by a textile technique, characterized in that the interconnected individual elements (4) hold at least one decorative or functional element (2, 2, 2, 12, 12, 22) between each other, e.g. by braiding in or braiding around.

A colorable tablecloth configured for covering a table and allowing individuals, especially children to utilize markers and crayons on a top surface of the tablecloth. The colorable tablecloth has a first fabric layer, a printed design, a second finishing layer and a laminate backing.