The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.

A raw material supply device includes a plurality of supply portions for supplying the raw material, a detection portion for detecting a state of the supply portion, and a control portion for controlling the supply portion, in which when the plurality of supply portions are in a normal state, the control portion switches the supply portions at a predetermined timing, and causes each of the supply portions to supply the raw material.

A raw material supply device includes a plurality of supply portions for supplying the raw material, a detection portion for detecting a state of the supply portion, and a control portion for controlling the supply portion, in which when the plurality of supply portions are in a normal state, the control portion switches the supply portions at a predetermined timing, and causes each of the supply portions to supply the raw material.

According to an aspect of the invention, a rotary feeder for transferring comminuted fibrous material is provided having as components: a rotary feeder housing, having at least one inlet opening for receiving material (chips) and at least one opening for discharging material (chips), and an internal shear edge assembly adjacent the inlet; wherein a protective baffle (doctor blade) is adjacent to the shear edge assembly; a rotor, rotatably mounted with the rotary feeder housing and having pockets for accepting material introduced to the rotary feeder housing; and a power source which rotates the rotor in said housing; and wherein the rotary feeder housing has a recess along the length of the rotor in the inlet at an exit end of the inlet, the recess being of sufficient size to allow the shear edge assembly and doctor blade to sit within the recess.

According to an aspect of the invention, a rotary feeder for transferring comminuted fibrous material is provided having as components: a rotary feeder housing, having at least one inlet opening for receiving material (chips) and at least one opening for discharging material (chips), and an internal shear edge assembly adjacent the inlet; wherein a protective baffle (doctor blade) is adjacent to the shear edge assembly; a rotor, rotatably mounted with the rotary feeder housing and having pockets for accepting material introduced to the rotary feeder housing; and a power source which rotates the rotor in said housing; and wherein the rotary feeder housing has a recess along the length of the rotor in the inlet at an exit end of the inlet, the recess being of sufficient size to allow the shear edge assembly and doctor blade to sit within the recess.

In some variations, OCC is screened, cleaned, deinked, and mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The OCC may be subjected to further chemical, physical, or thermal processing, prior to mechanical refining. For example, the OCC may be subjected to hot-water extraction, or fractionation with an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanocrystals, OCC is exposed to AVAP digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is optionally bleached and is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanocrystals. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanofibrils, OCC is exposed to GreenBox+ digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The site of a system to convert OCC to nanocellulose may be co-located with an existing OCC processing site. The nanocellulose line may be a bolt-on retrofit system to existing infrastructure. In other embodiments, a dedicated plant for converting OCC to nanocellulose is used.

A hopper includes a receiving member having a guide surface that guides a non-flat strip-shaped sheet and a posture adjusting unit that adjusts a posture of the falling sheet and sends it to the guide surface, and a discharge unit that discharges the sheet. The posture adjusting unit may have a posture adjusting surface continuous with the guide surface and bent from the guide surface so as to form a ridge line at a boundary portion with the guide surface.

To increase an incentive to bind old paper recyclable resources with paper string, to save trouble for a paper maker and to prevent garbage generation of vinyl string, thereby promoting a natural-circulation recycle system. As a solution, a system includes a portable terminal (12) possessed by a consumer (10), a weight sensor for measuring the weight of old paper recyclable resources (22) taken out by the consumer, a consumer data reading device reading consumer data (24) for specifying the consumer that is affixed to the old paper recyclable resources (22) and a paper string detection device detecting whether the old paper recyclable resources (22) taken out by the consumer are bound with a special paper string (21) with a special color or a special pattern, in which discount value data whereby a purchasing price is capable of being discounted when the consumer purchases any given product made by using recycled paper is calculated based on weight data, and the calculated discount value data is transmitted to the portable terminal (12) of a corresponding consumer.

In some variations, OCC is screened, cleaned, deinked, and mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The OCC may be subjected to further chemical, physical, or thermal processing, prior to mechanical refining. For example, the OCC may be subjected to hot-water extraction, or fractionation with an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanocrystals, OCC is exposed to AVAP? digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is optionally bleached and is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanocrystals. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanofibrils, OCC is exposed to GreenBox+? digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The site of a system to convert OCC to nanocellulose may be co-located with an existing OCC processing site. The nanocellulose line may be a bolt-on retrofit system to existing infrastructure. In other embodiments, a dedicated plant for converting OCC to nanocellulose is used.

In some variations, OCC is screened, cleaned, deinked, and mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The OCC may be subjected to further chemical, physical, or thermal processing, prior to mechanical refining. For example, the OCC may be subjected to hot-water extraction, or fractionation with an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanocrystals, OCC is exposed to AVAP? digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is optionally bleached and is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanocrystals. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanofibrils, OCC is exposed to GreenBox+? digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The site of a system to convert OCC to nanocellulose may be co-located with an existing OCC processing site. The nanocellulose line may be a bolt-on retrofit system to existing infrastructure. In other embodiments, a dedicated plant for converting OCC to nanocellulose is used.