The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.

An apparatus for producing a web of fibrous material includes a roll having incisions with a depth of 0.01-2.00 mm, a width of 0.01-2.00 mm, and a pitch 0.01-10.00 mm, and rotated at a peripheral velocity v.sub.1 equal to the velocity of an upstream apparatus unit; a belt stretched between transmission rollers that advances at a velocity v.sub.2 less than v.sub.1, wherein v.sub.1/v.sub.2 lies between 1.05 and 1.40; a presser roller rotating at a peripheral velocity v.sub.2, associated with a presser system acting to press the belt against the metal roll with a pressure of 1-200 kg per centimeter; and a system that feeds a sheet of pliable fibrous material between the belt and the roll, the belt having a longitudinal elongation of no more than 5%, dimensional stability along its entire length, a thickness of 1-10 cm, and a hardness 24-70 Shore A.

An apparatus for producing a web of fibrous material includes a roll having incisions with a depth of 0.01-2.00 mm, a width of 0.01-2.00 mm, and a pitch 0.01-10.00 mm, and rotated at a peripheral velocity v.sub.1 equal to the velocity of an upstream apparatus unit; a belt stretched between transmission rollers that advances at a velocity v.sub.2 less than v.sub.1, wherein v.sub.1/v.sub.2 lies between 1.05 and 1.40; a presser roller rotating at a peripheral velocity v.sub.2, associated with a presser system acting to press the belt against the metal roll with a pressure of 1-200 kg per centimeter; and a system that feeds a sheet of pliable fibrous material between the belt and the roll, the belt having a longitudinal elongation of no more than 5%, dimensional stability along its entire length, a thickness of 1-10 cm, and a hardness 24-70 Shore.

There is provided a method of producing a paper having a grammage according to ISO 536 of 50-250 g/m.sup.2, a Gurley value according to ISO 5636-5 of above 15 s and a stretchability according to ISO 1924-3 in the machine direction of at least 9%, said method comprising the steps of: a) providing a pulp, preferably sulphate pulp; b) subjecting the pulp to refining; c) diluting the pulp from step b) and adding the diluted pulp to a forming wire to obtain a paper web; d) pressing and the paper web from step c); e) drying the paper web from step d); f) compacting the paper web from step e) in a Clupak unit at a moisture content of 32-50%, preferably 37-49%, more preferably 41-49%; g) calendering the paper web from step f), optionally after drying, at a moisture content of 21-40%, preferably 30-40%, more preferably 32-39%; h) drying the paper web from step g).

There is provided a method of producing a paper having a grammage according to ISO 536 of 50-250 g/m.sup.2, a Gurley value according to ISO 5636-5 of above 15 s and a stretchability according to ISO 1924-3 in the machine direction of at least 9%, said method comprising the steps of: a) providing a pulp, preferably sulphate pulp; b) subjecting the pulp to refining; c) diluting the pulp from step b) and adding the diluted pulp to a forming wire to obtain a paper web; d) pressing and the paper web from step c); e) drying the paper web from step d); f) compacting the paper web from step e) in a Clupak unit at a moisture content of 32-50%, preferably 37-49%, more preferably 41-49%; g) calendering the paper web from step f), optionally after drying, at a moisture content of 21-40%, preferably 30-40%, more preferably 32-39%; h) drying the paper web from step g).

The present application provides a calender, a floor production line and a production method using the calender, wherein the calender comprises a calendering roller rack and a set of calendering rollers arranged on the calendering roller rack. The set of calendering rollers comprises a plurality of calendering rollers arranged in a line and not vertically. The present application changes the arrangement of the calendering rollers. The calendering rollers are arranged in a line, not vertically. This arrangement reduces the overall height of the calender, decreases the requirements of the calender on the height of the factory building and facilitates long-distance transportation by containers. Using the calender to assemble the floor production line, the height space of the factory building occupied by the production line can be saved.

A nonwoven web is made by first depositing fibers as a nonwoven web in a deposition area, then conveying the web away from the deposition area in a web-travel direction, preconsolidating the web in the path, and passing the preconsolidated web between a pair of rollers that compress and final consolidate the preconsolidated web. One of the rollers is separated from the web such that final consolidation of the web at a starting level is stopped and at the same time or immediately beforehand upstream preconsolidation of the web increased. After separating the one roller from the web, another roller is engaged with the web at the consolidation station and then final consolidation is recommenced, whereupon upstream preconsolidation of the web is reduced back to the starting level.

A method for producing cellulose-fibre-based drinking straws and a drinking straw. The method comprises: providing a cellulose material, producing at least one aqueous suspension comprising the cellulose material and adding additives to the suspension, homogenizing the aqueous suspension and pre-drying to obtain at least one water-containing non-woven web having a first side and a second side, drying the water-containing non-woven web in a plurality of drying steps to form at least one paper web having a first side and a second side, further processing the paper web or a plurality of paper webs to form a cellulose-fibre-based drinking straw.

At least the first side of the non-woven web is compressed with a line load of 80 kN/m to 500 kN/m before, during or after one of the drying steps and before the further processing to form a cellulose-fibre-based drinking straw.

A method for producing cellulose-fibre-based drinking straws and a drinking straw. The method comprises: providing a cellulose material, producing at least one aqueous suspension comprising the cellulose material and adding additives to the suspension, homogenizing the aqueous suspension and pre-drying to obtain at least one water-containing non-woven web having a first side and a second side, drying the water-containing non-woven web in a plurality of drying steps to form at least one paper web having a first side and a second side, further processing the paper web or a plurality of paper webs to form a cellulose-fibre-based drinking straw.

At least the first side of the non-woven web is compressed with a line load of 80 kN/m to 500 kN/m before, during or after one of the drying steps and before the further processing to form a cellulose-fibre-based drinking straw.

A transporting apparatus includes a pressurizing roller that transports a web-like or sheet-like transport target object and a heating roller disposed downstream of the pressurizing roller in a transport path, a first bottom sensor and a first top sensor that are disposed between the pressurizing roller and the heating roller, a measuring section that measures a time from when the transport target object is detected by the first bottom sensor until the transport target object is detected by the first top sensor, and a rotation control section that modifies a rotation speed of the heating roller when a time measured by the measuring section is shorter than a first reference time.