There is disclosed a catalytic substrate surface where in the substrate surface comprises particles in the size range 2-500 nm, said particles comprising TiO.sub.2, wherein at least 50 wt % of the Ti in the particles is leachable in 37% HCl. A method for its manufacture is also provided. One advantage is that the higher fractions of Ti leachable in 37% HCl give a better coating with better adhesion, in particular on objects comprising protonatable acidic oxides, such as SiO.sub.2. The higher fraction of Ti leachable in 37% HCl gives better transparency and dispersion stability. The resulting surface exhibits both improved activity and improved adhesion of the particles. There is no color change and/or speckles on the substrate, allowing anti-pollution surfaces to be produced also on decorative surfaces. The TiO.sub.2-comprising layer is thin and easily applied in the production line.

The present invention discloses a thoroughly smooth urban traffic system, which has a two-dimensional urban plane and a road with two main directions which are perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to each other. On an underground first layer, the road in the first main direction is occupied separately, and all automobiles, subways, trains and municipal corridors in this direction are roughly parallel without level crossing, and are smooth. On an underground second layer, the road in the second main direction is occupied separately, and all automobiles, subways, trains and municipal corridors in this direction are roughly parallel without level crossing, and are smooth. The underground layers can be provided with urban sufficient parking lots. An underground third layer is used for non-motor vehicle roads, parking and a large-scale reservoir. On a ground plane layer, only houses, plants, people, open-air bars, etc. are exposed in the sun, to establish a veritable urban park.

A non-transitory computer readable recording medium has stored therein a program that causes a computer to execute a process including displaying a screen on which it is possible to set an area affected by a characteristic of a road around a specific facility, which is the area set based on the facility; and displaying, on a graphic, information specifying a section of road that is contained in the area affected by the characteristic relating to the specific facility on the displayed screen and that is affected by a possible selected type of repair work on the road according to the fact that the section belongs to the affected area.

A non-transitory computer readable recording medium has stored therein a program that causes a computer to execute a process including displaying a screen on which it is possible to set an area affected by a characteristic of a road around a specific facility, which is the area set based on the facility; and displaying, on a graphic, information specifying a section of road that is contained in the area affected by the characteristic relating to the specific facility on the displayed screen and that is affected by a possible selected type of repair work on the road according to the fact that the section belongs to the affected area.

An intelligent roadway system of trafficable solar roadway panels for collecting solar energy, converting the solar energy into electricity, illuminating LEDs, storing and distributing the electrical energy and sensing dynamic conditions on and about the trafficable solar roadway panels and communicating the sensed dynamic conditions and precise global positioning system (GPS) location of the sensed dynamic conditions to a user for use.

A spiral road junction system for connecting a plurality of highway spokes via a spiral road junction comprising adjacent-spoke connecting roads associated with each highway spoke, and a ring-road interchange traversing all the highway spokes. The ring-road interchange provides a continuous path from a slip road diverging from an entry highway spoke to an access road merging with an exit highway spoke.

A roadway widening structure including a first portion configured to bear on a support and configured to support a first part of the roadway, the first portion including a frame which has a parallelepiped shape and which includes an enclosure having a parallelepiped shape and configured to receive ballast so as to immobilize the first portion on the support, a lower enclosure wall of the enclosure including a first lattice, a second portion cantilevered, secured to the first portion by a lateral wall and configured to support a second part of the roadway, a lateral enclosure wall of the enclosure, facing the second portion of the roadway widening structure, including a second lattice, and for fastening the first portion and the second portion.

A roadway widening structure including a first portion configured to bear on a support and configured to support a first part of the roadway, the first portion including a frame which has a parallelepiped shape and which includes an enclosure having a parallelepiped shape and configured to receive ballast so as to immobilize the first portion on the support, a lower enclosure wall of the enclosure including a first lattice, a second portion cantilevered, secured to the first portion by a lateral wall and configured to support a second part of the roadway, a lateral enclosure wall of the enclosure, facing the second portion of the roadway widening structure, including a second lattice, and for fastening the first portion and the second portion.

A method and system provide the ability to design a (land) surface. A triangular surface mesh representative of an existing surface is obtained. The mesh includes triangles that are connected by vertices and edges. Design constraint sets are determined based design constraints. The design constraints include a maximum slope constraint for a first triangle of the two or more triangles in the triangular surface mesh. The maximum slope constraint is a maximum angle between a normal vector of the first triangle and a reference vector. Heights of the vertices of the first triangle are projected onto the design constraint sets such that the normal vector satisfies all of the design constraints. The projecting includes modifying the heights by a minimum Euclidian distance. A design of the surface represented by the triangular surface mesh is generated based on the projecting.

Diffractor for diffracting sound of traffic on a travel surface with at least one diffraction plate disposed laterally beside the travel surface. The diffraction plate is provided with a pattern of recesses in the upper surface thereof for the purpose of diffracting the traffic noise in a direction which differs from the lateral direction. Each of the recesses is divided into individual resonators by intermediate walls provided in the recesses. The recesses have acoustically substantially non-absorbing walls and are free of acoustically absorbing material. The intermediate walls between adjacent resonators have at least one throughflow opening along which the rainwater can flow from the one resonator to the other.