A flexible pavement structure comprises a surface layer, a base layer, a sub-base layer, and a subgrade layer. Herein, the surface layer is adjacent to and above the base layer, and the sub-base layer is adjacent to and above the subgrade layer. The flexible pavement structure further comprises a layered system composed of first, second, and third materials different from each other, and is disposed as an interface layer between the base layer and the sub-base layer. The first material is a geotextile fabric selected from a group consisting of polypropylene and polyethylene, providing ground stabilization or reinforcement properties. The second material is a waterproof heat insulation material selected from a group consisting of cross-linked polyethylene foam and laminated aluminum foil, providing waterproofing or impermeability properties. The third material is a glass foamed insulation material.

A flexible pavement structure comprises a surface layer, a base layer, a sub-base layer, and a subgrade layer. Herein, the surface layer is adjacent to and above the base layer, and the sub-base layer is adjacent to and above the subgrade layer. The flexible pavement structure further comprises a layered system composed of first, second, and third materials different from each other, and is disposed as an interface layer between the base layer and the sub-base layer. The first material is a geotextile fabric selected from a group consisting of polypropylene and polyethylene, providing ground stabilization or reinforcement properties. The second material is a waterproof heat insulation material selected from a group consisting of cross-linked polyethylene foam and laminated aluminum foil, providing waterproofing or impermeability properties. The third material is a glass foamed insulation material.

A riding surface, having a stepping layer and a mat arranged between the ground and the stepping layer, drip tubes for watering the stepping layer being embedded in the mat, preferably in grooves on the side of the mat facing the stepping layer.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

A system for assembling a road comprises a plurality of plastic support structures and a plurality of road deck elements. Each of the support structures comprises a base plate and at least one column extending, or for extending, upwardly from the base plate for supporting at least partly one of the road deck elements. Each of the road deck elements is configured such that in an assembled and as road useable condition of the system rainwater predominantly flows away over the road to one or more positions next to the road, and/or to a slit-sized interruption of the road across the road.

A steel girder pavement structure (100) for high-speed road for bicycle, and a roadbed pavement method therefor. The pavement structure (100) includes a top plate (10), a bottom plate (20), a web (30), stiffening plates (40), and decorative plates (50). A composite roadbed is paved on a surface layer of the top plate (10). The composite roadbed includes, from bottom to top, a substrate, a primer coating and quartz sand (101), a waterproof coating (102), an anti-slip coating and quartz sand (103), a wear-resistant coating (104) and an anti-ultraviolet coating (105). The roadbed pavement method includes: paving various layers of materials on a surface of the steel plate from bottom to top. The high-speed road for bicycle is easy to seamlessly connect to a transportation hub, and has a high comfort degree.

A steel girder pavement structure (100) for high-speed road for bicycle, and a roadbed pavement method therefor. The pavement structure (100) includes a top plate (10), a bottom plate (20), a web (30), stiffening plates (40), and decorative plates (50). A composite roadbed is paved on a surface layer of the top plate (10). The composite roadbed includes, from bottom to top, a substrate, a primer coating and quartz sand (101), a waterproof coating (102), an anti-slip coating and quartz sand (103), a wear-resistant coating (104) and an anti-ultraviolet coating (105). The roadbed pavement method includes: paving various layers of materials on a surface of the steel plate from bottom to top. The high-speed road for bicycle is easy to seamlessly connect to a transportation hub, and has a high comfort degree.

Structural cells and matrices using the structural cells for positioning below a hardscape that define a void space therein, the structural cells, matrices using the cells and methods of assembly allowing in one embodiment the introduction of a structural fluid such as concrete to provide an alternative structural cell and matrix product. In one embodiment a structural cell assembly is described comprising a structural cell with a plurality of legs integrally linked to a frame at a first frame end, the frame linking the legs together and the frame defining a generally flat plane with the legs extending substantially orthogonally away from the first frame end about the frame flat plane to a leg terminal end; and a separate plate engaging the legs, the separate plate comprising linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg terminal end; and/or linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg frame ends or a part thereof.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

A support layer for supporting an artificial turf assembly. The support layer being formed of a polymeric foam, preferably having a density of between 20 and 70 grams per liter, such as a polyolefin foam; and having an upper side and a lower side, wherein in use the support layer has been placed with the lower side thereof on a base surface and supports, on the upper side thereof, the artificial turf assembly, the support layer including a plurality of through drainage holes extending from the upper side to the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow via the plurality of drainage holes from the upper side to the lower side, and also including a plurality of channels at the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow through the channels along the lower side, wherein each of said plurality of drainage holes debouches into one of the plurality of channels. The support layer is further included in an artificial turf system, that includes an artificial turf assembly with the support layer supported on a base surface such as a layer of sand, wherein the support layer forms, at the upper sides thereof, a closed support surface supporting the artificial turf assembly.