A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.

A method for providing a system for supporting a layer of paver blocks, the method including excavating drain holes at a depth corresponding to at least a length of a corresponding drain pipe, forming a base by pouring high porosity non-compactable material into each drain hole of the at least three drain holes, inserting a drain pipe into a corresponding drain hole, filling a hollow of the drain pipe with a non-compactable material, placing a water permeable closure across the top opening of the drain pipe, pouring a concrete layer above the drain hole, and depositing a sand layer above the concrete layer, with the sand layer covering the top opening.

A method for establishing a runway safety area adjacent a runway, wherein the runway safety area is a cement matrix having a plurality of foamed glass aggregate bodies suspended therein, including mixing cement and foamed glass aggregate bodies to define a composite material, forming the composite material into a runway safety area defining a plurality of foamed glass aggregate bodies suspended in a cement matrix, taxiing an aircraft over the runway safety area and crushing at least a portion of the runway safety area with the aircraft to bleed off the aircraft's kinetic energy, wherein the runway safety area has a crushing failure mode.

A support layer for supporting an artificial turf assembly. The support layer being formed of a polymeric foam, preferably having a density of between 20 and 70 grams per liter, such as a polyolefin foam; and having an upper side and a lower side, wherein in use the support layer has been placed with the lower side thereof on a base surface and supports, on the upper side thereof, the artificial turf assembly, the support layer including a plurality of through drainage holes extending from the upper side to the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow via the plurality of drainage holes from the upper side to the lower side, and also including a plurality of channels at the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow through the channels along the lower side, wherein each of said plurality of drainage holes debouches into one of the plurality of channels. The support layer is further included in an artificial turf system, that includes an artificial turf assembly with the support layer supported on a base surface such as a layer of sand, wherein the support layer forms, at the upper sides thereof, a closed support surface supporting the artificial turf assembly.

A sports field comprises a base structure and a cover. The cover is at least partly permeable to fluid, especially water. The base structure comprises voids for containing fluid. The base structure forms a substantially continuous deck supporting the cover. The cover comprises or is formed by an artificial sports layer, such as artificial grass. At least a number of the voids are in fluid communication with each other. Wick elements are provided fluidly connecting at least a number of the voids with the cover for supplying fluid from the voids to the top layer.

Structural cells and matrices using the structural cells for positioning below a hardscape that define a void space therein, the structural cells, matrices using the cells and methods of assembly allowing in one embodiment the introduction of a structural fluid such as concrete to provide an alternative structural cell and matrix product. In one embodiment a structural cell assembly is described comprising a structural cell with a plurality of legs integrally linked to a frame at a first frame end, the frame linking the legs together and the frame defining a generally flat plane with the legs extending substantially orthogonally away from the first frame end about the frame flat plane to a leg terminal end; and a separate plate engaging the legs, the separate plate comprising linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg terminal end; and/or linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg frame ends or a part thereof.

A mat made of waterproof plastic material for the sub-base of synthetic turfs or pavings and the like includes one or more coupling elements for mutual interconnection with other mats so as to compose a single turf for the complete covering of a predetermined bed surface. The mat is divided into at least two longitudinal portions which are mutually connected by an expansion joint component adapted to compensate for the thermal expansions and contractions by deforming.

Soil form structure for supporting hardscape and corresponding vehicle, pedestrian traffic, and other loads while maintaining uncompacted or loosely compacted soil underneath. A number of cell structures may be coupled to each other, where each cell has a strong yet lightweight and open structure that can accept uncompacted soil, vegetation roots, utilities, and the like within at least approximately 85-90% of its volume, while also allowing hardscape to be poured or formed thereon. Thus, cell structures allow for hardscape to be integrally formed with the cell structures, without need for an underlying layer of highly compacted soil or other hardscape support.

A support layer for supporting an artificial turf assembly. The support layer being formed of a polymeric foam, preferably having a density of between 20 and 70 grams per liter, such as a polyolefin foam; and having an upper side and a lower side, wherein in use the support layer has been placed with the lower side thereof on a base surface and supports, on the upper side thereof, the artificial turf assembly, the support layer including a plurality of through drainage holes extending from the upper side to the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow via the plurality of drainage holes from the upper side to the lower side, and also including a plurality of channels at the lower side for allowing liquid such as rain water to flow through the channels along the lower side, wherein each of said plurality of drainage holes debouches into one of the plurality of channels. The support layer is further included in an artificial turf system, that includes an artificial turf assembly with the support layer supported on a base surface such as a layer of sand, wherein the support layer forms, at the upper sides thereof, a closed support surface supporting the artificial turf assembly.

A construction method for reinforcing a loess embankment by combining microbial mineralization with phosphogypsum. The method includes: (1) placing Bacillus pasteurii in a culture medium to prepare a microbial solution, and mixing urea, calcium chloride and water to prepare a cementing solution; (2) mixing a mixture, the microbial solution and water well, and adding the cementing solution and water to prepare an improving mixture; and (3) leveling and compacting an original ground; laying a geomembrane, the improving mixture and a geogrid; laying a last geomembrane on the top of the embankment after the embankment is laid, and then laying a roadbed. The method meets the improvement and construction requirements of loess embankments of high-grade highways, and reduces the stock of phosphogypsum, thereby reducing the occupation of cultivated land. The microbial improvement of the phosphogypsum achieves the immobilization of harmful elements, thereby reducing environmental pollution.