An airport runway arrangement for commercial aircraft comprises a first runway section, a second runway section extending substantially in prolongation of the first runway section and an intermediate section between the first and second runway sections.

A structural cell system for supporting hardscape, allowing tree root growth, and managing stormwater underneath the hardscape. The system may include: a base having a plurality of receptacles and a plurality of support members interconnecting the receptacles; a plurality of legs each sized and shaped to be attachable to the base within one of the receptacles so as to extend from the base, and to be attachable to another of the legs so that pairs of legs attached to each other collectively extend from the base; and a top attachable to the legs. Outer edges of the base, the top, and the legs attached thereto define a volume, and are configured to support at least that portion of the hardscape overlying the top as well as a commercial vehicle traffic load thereon, while maintaining soil in a substantially uncompacted state throughout at least approximately ninety percent of the volume.

The present invention provides a bidirectional energy-transfer system comprising: a thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete, disposed in a structural object; a location of energy supply or demand that is physically isolated from, but in thermodynamic and/or electromagnetic communication with, the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete; and a means of transferring energy between the structural object and the location of energy supply or demand. The system can be a single node in a neural network. The thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete includes a conductive, shock-absorbing material, such as graphite. Preferred compositions are disclosed for the thermally and/or electrically conductive concrete. The bidirectional energy-transfer system may be present in a solar-energy collection system, a grade beam, an indoor radiant flooring system, a structural wall or ceiling, a bridge, a roadway, a driveway, a parking lot, a commercial aviation runway, a military runway, a grain silo, or pavers, for example.

Embodiments are disclosed of a transportation pathway in the form of a road (10), which comprises a pavement sub-base material (12) located at surrounding ground (14), which has a layer which includes a conductive material. In one example, the layer is located on an uppermost surface (16) of the pavement sub-base (12). In the embodiment shown, the conductive material is in the form of a layer of asphalt (18) containing dispersed particulate conductive particles (20) in the form of graphene. A sufficient quantity of the conductive particles (20) is located a short depth from the uppermost road surface (22) of the asphalt layer (18), so that when the surface (22) is exposed to a primary magnetic field (28) generated by an external magnetic source positioned above the pathway, for example a powered hoverboard (24) or other vehicle, these conductive particles (20) create an induced magnetic field (26) which repels the primary magnetic field (28) being generated by the hoverboard (24). The opposing magnetic fields (26, 28) create a suspension of the hoverboard (24) above the road surface (22) known as magnetic levitation.

Embodiments are disclosed of a transportation pathway in the form of a road (10), which comprises a pavement sub-base material (12) located at surrounding ground (14), which has a layer which includes a conductive material. In one example, the layer is located on an uppermost surface (16) of the pavement sub-base (12). In the embodiment shown, the conductive material is in the form of a layer of asphalt (18) containing dispersed particulate conductive particles (20) in the form of graphene. A sufficient quantity of the conductive particles (20) is located a short depth from the uppermost road surface (22) of the asphalt layer (18), so that when the surface (22) is exposed to a primary magnetic field (28) generated by an external magnetic source positioned above the pathway, for example a powered hoverboard (24) or other vehicle, these conductive particles (20) create an induced magnetic field (26) which repels the primary magnetic field (28) being generated by the hoverboard (24). The opposing magnetic fields (26, 28) create a suspension of the hoverboard (24) above the road surface (22) known as magnetic levitation.

A method includes positioning one or more roadway sensors and a plurality of a networked array of light emitting diode (LED) raised pavement markers on a road. Sensors proximate the road are associated with a network of road marking controllers that cooperate to control the LEDs as vehicles drive on the road. The LEDs operate as a networked array of roadway lane marking lights. The road marking controller(s) determine a distance between a vehicle on the road and the roadway sensor, determine a dynamic condition associated with the vehicle that changes with respect to time, and lights the plurality of LEDs based at least in part on the distance between the vehicle and the roadway sensor and the dynamic condition associated with the vehicle. Dynamic conditions for operating the LED lighting scheme can include vehicle velocity, a date, a time, a weather condition proximate the vehicle, and other factors.

A covering element for a floor covering comprising an upper surface having a relief structure, wherein the relief structure comprises excavations having a depth decreasing towards at least one perimetric edge of the covering element.

A covering element for a floor covering comprising an upper surface having a relief structure, wherein the relief structure comprises excavations having a depth decreasing towards at least one perimetric edge of the covering element.

Structural cells and matrices using the structural cells for positioning below a hardscape that define a void space therein, the structural cells, matrices using the cells and methods of assembly allowing in one embodiment the introduction of a structural fluid such as concrete to provide an alternative structural cell and matrix product. In one embodiment a structural cell assembly is described comprising a structural cell with a plurality of legs integrally linked to a frame at a first frame end, the frame linking the legs together and the frame defining a generally flat plane with the legs extending substantially orthogonally away from the first frame end about the frame flat plane to a leg terminal end; and a separate plate engaging the legs, the separate plate comprising linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg terminal end; and/or linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg frame ends or a part thereof.

An impact-absorbing assembly includes a covering layer being one or more of artificial turf, rubber mats, polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, wood chips, and ground rubber chips. Also included is a layer of underlayment panels positioned beneath the covering layer. The panels have a panel section with a plurality of drain holes formed therethrough. A top surface of the panels is configured to support the covering layer. A bottom surface of the panels has a plurality of bottom projections that cooperate to define bottom channels suitable to permit water flow across the bottom surface, the bottom channels being in fluid communication with the panel drain holes. The bottom projections define a first spring rate characteristic that is part of a first stage and a second spring rate characteristic is part of a second stage, the first stage having a smaller volume of material than the second stage.