The present invention relates to tactile warning panels, and in particular to tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies.

The present disclosure is directed to impact-attenuating pathways that can be easily installed in outdoor areas, such as an outdoor area associated with a senior or assisted living facility. The impact attenuating pathways of the present disclosure provide a natural looking path having impact attenuation properties that can help prevent life threatening injuries. In addition to the impact attenuation properties, the pathway is configured to withstand regular wear from shoes, canes, crutches, and the like. The impact-attenuating pathway comprises a firm base layer, such as concrete; a cushion layer positioned on top of the base layer; and a wear layer positioned on top of the cushion layer.

The present disclosure is directed to impact-attenuating pathways that can be easily installed in outdoor areas, such as an outdoor area associated with a senior or assisted living facility. The impact attenuating pathways of the present disclosure provide a natural looking path having impact attenuation properties that can help prevent life threatening injuries. In addition to the impact attenuation properties, the pathway is configured to withstand regular wear from shoes, canes, crutches, and the like. The impact-attenuating pathway comprises a firm base layer, such as concrete; a cushion layer positioned on top of the base layer; and a wear layer positioned on top of the cushion layer.

An overpass structure with vertical interchange arrangement for crossroads includes a transverse roadway at a bottom level, a pedestrian walkway in the middle level and a longitudinal road bridge at an upper level. The vehicle roadways on and under the bridge are connected by two ramp units. The pedestrian walkway is a pedestrian platform with an interchange platform provided on top. The interchange platform is located between and connected to two roadways of opposite directions on the longitudinal road bridge in the upper level. The leftmost lane along a forward moving direction of vehicle on the bridge in the longitudinal road bridge is defined as a universal lane of the longitudinal road bridge. The rightmost lane along a forward moving direction of vehicle under the bridge in the transverse roadway is defined as a universal lane of the transverse roadway. The interchange platform is connected to four universal lanes.

An overpass structure with vertical interchange arrangement for crossroads includes a transverse roadway at a bottom level, a pedestrian walkway in the middle level and a longitudinal road bridge at an upper level. The vehicle roadways on and under the bridge are connected by two ramp units. The pedestrian walkway is a pedestrian platform with an interchange platform provided on top. The interchange platform is located between and connected to two roadways of opposite directions on the longitudinal road bridge in the upper level. The leftmost lane along a forward moving direction of vehicle on the bridge in the longitudinal road bridge is defined as a universal lane of the longitudinal road bridge. The rightmost lane along a forward moving direction of vehicle under the bridge in the transverse roadway is defined as a universal lane of the transverse roadway. The interchange platform is connected to four universal lanes.

A structural system is provided that includes at least two pavers partially defining a paved surface, the pavers partially defining a void between them. The system also includes a permeable joint located in the void between the pavers, where the permeable joint also partially defines the paved surface. The permeable joint includes a base layer formed of aggregate and bonded together with a non-cement binder, and a membrane layer formed of aggregate that is sized smaller than the aggregate of the base layer, where the aggregate of the membrane is also bonded together with a non-cement binder. The membrane is less permeable than the base layer and is located above the base layer.

The invention relates to a paver supporting apparatus and generally includes a modular grid having a plurality of walls with a plurality of geometric lattices provided therein, a plurality of planar adhesive receiving sections positioned between the geometric lattices and having a width greater than each of the plurality of walls, and a plurality of pedestal receivers for receiving a plurality of pedestals.

The invention relates to a paver supporting apparatus and generally includes a modular grid having a plurality of walls with a plurality of geometric lattices provided therein, a plurality of planar adhesive receiving sections positioned between the geometric lattices and having a width greater than each of the plurality of walls, and a plurality of pedestal receivers for receiving a plurality of pedestals.

A cover comprises a load bearing panel (12) of generally square or rectangular form and having an upper surface (14a) and an underside surface (14b), at least some of the edges of load bearing panel (12) being provided with ramp members (22) which are molded onto the load bearing panel (12), the ramp members (22) each defining an upper ramped surface (22a) and a lower, ground engaging surface (22b), wherein the ground engaging surface (22b) is spaced beneath the underside surface (14b) of the load bearing panel (12).

A cover comprises a load bearing panel (12) of generally square or rectangular form and having an upper surface (14a) and an underside surface (14b), at least some of the edges of load bearing panel (12) being provided with ramp members (22) which are molded onto the load bearing panel (12), the ramp members (22) each defining an upper ramped surface (22a) and a lower, ground engaging surface (22b), wherein the ground engaging surface (22b) is spaced beneath the underside surface (14b) of the load bearing panel (12).