Improved tub girders and related manufacturing methods are provided, such as for example for use in road construction in connection with concrete bridges. Disclosed improved tub girders may include upper flanges that extending inwardly or outwardly. Disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with camber along the length of the girders. Ends of the disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with diaphragms. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a base section including one more access ports for enabling inspection of the interior of the girders after installation. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a plurality of stud members extending upwardly from upper flanges for engaging with a concrete bridge deck. Disclosed tub girders may be providing with a coating, such as galvanized, aluminized or metalized, to fight corrosion and extend life and limit need for inspection.

Improved tub girders and related manufacturing methods are provided, such as for example for use in road construction in connection with concrete bridges. Disclosed improved tub girders may include upper flanges that extending inwardly or outwardly. Disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with camber along the length of the girders. Ends of the disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with diaphragms. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a base section including one more access ports for enabling inspection of the interior of the girders after installation. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a plurality of stud members extending upwardly from upper flanges for engaging with a concrete bridge deck. Disclosed tub girders may be providing with a coating, such as galvanized, aluminized or metalized, to fight corrosion and extend life and limit need for inspection.

A bridge system uses foundation structures that are formed of the combination of a metal-frame structure and cast-in-place concrete. The metal-frame structure of the foundation is capable of supporting bridge units before pouring of concrete.

A bridge system uses foundation structures that are formed of the combination of a metal-frame structure and cast-in-place concrete. The metal-frame structure of the foundation is capable of supporting bridge units before pouring of concrete.

A braided bridge includes a mounting cable. The braided bridge further includes a first component configured to couple to the mounting cable, where the first spoke component includes one or more spokes and a second spoke component configured to couple to the mounting cable. The one or more spokes of the first spoke component are configured to fold and couple the second spoke component to the first spoke component.

A braided bridge includes a mounting cable. The braided bridge further includes a first component configured to couple to the mounting cable, where the first spoke component includes one or more spokes and a second spoke component configured to couple to the mounting cable. The one or more spokes of the first spoke component are configured to fold and couple the second spoke component to the first spoke component.

A measurement method includes: a step of acquiring first observation point information including a time point when each part of an m-th moving object passes a first observation point and a physical quantity which is a response to an action; a step of acquiring second observation point information including a time point when the each part passes a second observation point and a physical quantity which is a response to an action; a step of calculating a deflection waveform of a structure generated by the each part; a step of adding the deflection waveforms to calculate an m-th moving object deflection waveform; a step of calculating a displacement waveform at the third observation point; and a step of calculating first to M-th amplitude coefficients by assuming that a waveform obtained by multiplying an m-th amplitude coefficient by the m-th moving object deflection waveform is an m-th amplitude adjusted deflection waveform, and that a sum of first to M-th amplitude adjusted deflection waveforms is approximated to the displacement waveform.

A measurement method includes: a step of acquiring first observation point information including a time point when each part of an m-th moving object passes a first observation point and a physical quantity which is a response to an action; a step of acquiring second observation point information including a time point when the each part passes a second observation point and a physical quantity which is a response to an action; a step of calculating a deflection waveform of a structure generated by the each part; a step of adding the deflection waveforms to calculate an m-th moving object deflection waveform; a step of calculating a displacement waveform at the third observation point; and a step of calculating first to M-th amplitude coefficients by assuming that a waveform obtained by multiplying an m-th amplitude coefficient by the m-th moving object deflection waveform is an m-th amplitude adjusted deflection waveform, and that a sum of first to M-th amplitude adjusted deflection waveforms is approximated to the displacement waveform.

Improved tub girders and related manufacturing methods are provided, such as for example for use in road construction in connection with concrete bridges. Disclosed improved tub girders may include upper flanges that extending inwardly or outwardly. Disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with camber along the length of the girders. Ends of the disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with diaphragms. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a base section including one more access ports for enabling inspection of the interior of the girders after installation. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a plurality of stud members extending upwardly from upper flanges for engaging with a concrete bridge deck. Disclosed tub girders may be providing with a coating, such as galvanized, aluminized or metalized, to fight corrosion and extend life and limit need for inspection.

Improved tub girders and related manufacturing methods are provided, such as for example for use in road construction in connection with concrete bridges. Disclosed improved tub girders may include upper flanges that extending inwardly or outwardly. Disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with camber along the length of the girders. Ends of the disclosed improved tub girders may be provided with diaphragms. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a base section including one more access ports for enabling inspection of the interior of the girders after installation. Disclosed improved tub girders may include a plurality of stud members extending upwardly from upper flanges for engaging with a concrete bridge deck. Disclosed tub girders may be providing with a coating, such as galvanized, aluminized or metalized, to fight corrosion and extend life and limit need for inspection.