The disclosure provides a smart water supplying method and a smart water supply. The method includes: detecting an external object to obtain a plurality of detection data; estimating at least one characteristic data of the external object according to the detection data; determining at least one water supplying signal according to the characteristic data of the external object; and providing a real stream according to the water supplying signal.

The disclosure provides a smart water supplying method and a smart water supply. The method includes: detecting an external object to obtain a plurality of detection data; estimating at least one characteristic data of the external object according to the detection data; determining at least one water supplying signal according to the characteristic data of the external object; and providing a real stream according to the water supplying signal.

Example aspects of a nozzle cap for a fire hydrant and a method for manufacturing a nozzle cap to detect leaks in a fluid system are disclosed. The nozzle cap for a fire hydrant can comprise a cap body, the cap body comprising an inner housing and an outer housing, the outer housing defining a cavity; a vibration sensor received within the cavity and configured to detect leaks in a fluid system connected to the fire hydrant; and a metal insert contacting the vibration sensor and the inner housing.

A state analysis device is capable of determining a state of the interior of piping with high precision, and includes: an index calculation means for deriving an index indicating the state of the piping, based on a flow speed of fluid flowing out of the piping, and a fluid pressure of the interior of the piping at two or more locations of the piping; and a determination means for determining the state of the piping, based on the index.

A method for creating a pressure pulse in a fluid system with a noisemaker, the method includes opening a valve of the noisemaker to allow a fluid of the fluid system to flow through a valve cavity of the noisemaker, the valve disposed within the valve cavity, the noisemaker connected in fluid communication with the fluid system; closing the valve of the noisemaker to abruptly interrupt the flow of the fluid through the valve cavity; and repeatedly opening and closing the valve to generate a pulsating flow to the fluid system.

Assembly (10) for measuring a leakage in a drinking water supply system, with a backflow preventer (12), wherein the backflow preventer (12) is opened if there is a pressure drop caused by drinking water consumption downstream of the backflow preventer (12) as viewed in a flow direction of the drinking water, and wherein the backflow preventer (12) is closed if there is no pressure drop caused by drinking water consumption downstream of the backflow preventer (12), as viewed in the flow direction of the drinking water, with a volume flow meter (13) connected in parallel to the backflow preventer (12) and via which, if the backflow preventer (12) is closed, a leakage flow of drinking water caused by a leakage in the drinking water supply system downstream of the backflow preventer (12) can be routed, wherein the volume flow meter (13) is integrated into a bypass (14) to the backflow preventer (12).

A method for estimating a position or height of a leak within at least a part of a water system, the method comprising the use of two pressure sensors and a pump, wherein one of the two pressure sensors is located towards a top of the part of the water system being tested and the other pressure sensor is located towards a bottom of the part of the water system being tested, the pump being for enabling maintenance of a volume of air above the water level within the water system at a pressure greater than atmospheric to make the water in the water system pressurised, the method comprising closing all known water usage taps within the part of the water system to be tested, isolating the part of the water system (50) from its replacement water source, checking the pressures on the sensors and elevating the pressure of the volume of air if needed to pressurise the water system and determining the difference between the pressures sensed by two pressure sensors to determine a head of the water within the system, the head representing the height of the water above the lower of the two sensors, intermittently venting water out of the water system and measuring the pressures sensed by the two pressure sensors once the vents are closed to allow a subsequent head to be calculated and re-ascertaining the differences between the pressures to calculate the new head, wherein if the detected pressures start to drop faster than normal whilst the system is isolated after one such intermittent venting of water, the location of a leak has been identified as at, or just above, the top of the water level, the height thereof being represented by the head just calculated.

Methods, systems and apparatus for a monitoring system including a plurality of dispensers each configured to be located in a washroom and dispense a respective consumable hygiene product through a dispense cycle, where each of the dispensers is associated with a water source device; a water flow measurement device configured to measure water flow to the water source devices; and a data processing apparatus configured to receive indications of dispense cycles from the dispensers, to receive a water flow measurement from the water flow measurement device, determine which water source device was active by associating one of the water source devices with one of the dispensers based on a first time of the dispense cycle of the one of the dispensers and a second time of the water flow measurement and determine a water flow fault of the one of the water source devices based on the first and second times.

Embodiments are directed to a water network monitoring system for determining leakage from a network. The water network may comprise any of pipelines, aqueducts, reservoir dams, reservoir embankments and sewers. The present water network monitoring system employs Earth observation data, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and optical data, collected from a geographical region that includes the water network system of interest. This data is collected over successive time periods and analysed to detect any abnormal changes in the indicators within the area in the vicinity of the water network.

Method of purging and subsequently verifying a liquid-carrying conduit includes the steps of: providing a hydrogel comprising additive(s) selected from the group comprising: chloride ions, sulphate ions, nitrate ions fluorescein dye, carmine dye and cation salts; transporting the hydrogel along at least a portion of an offline liquid-carrying conduit to thereby purge the conduit; substantially or completely removing the hydrogel from the offline liquid-carrying conduit; flushing the offline liquid-carrying conduit with a volume of flushing water; and verifying removal of the hydrogel from the offline liquid-carrying conduit by checking the flushed water for detectable traces of the additive. The flushing step is repeated as often as necessary until the additive cannot be detected. The method may be employed to purge different types of liquid-carrying conduits, e.g. conduits for transporting potable water; conduits for transporting sewage; and oil pipelines.