An x-ray based litho-density tool for measurement of formation surrounding a borehole is provided, the tool including at least an internal length comprising a sonde section, wherein said sonde section further comprises an x-ray source; at least one radiation measuring detector; at least one source monitoring detector; a plurality of sonde-dependent electronics; and a reference detector, wherein the reference detector is used to monitor the output of the x-ray source such that the reference detector's output effects corrections to the outputs of the detectors used to measure the density of the materials surrounding the borehole in order to correct for variations in the x-ray source output. Tool logic electronics, PSUs, and one or more detectors used to measure borehole standoff such that other detector responses maybe compensated for tool standoff are also provided. Shielding, through-wiring; wear-pads that improve the efficacy and tool functionality are also described and claimed.

An x-ray based litho-density tool for measurement of formation surrounding a borehole is provided, the tool including at least an internal length comprising a sonde section, wherein said sonde section further comprises an x-ray source; at least one radiation measuring detector; at least one source monitoring detector; a plurality of sonde-dependent electronics; and a reference detector, wherein the reference detector is used to monitor the output of the x-ray source such that the reference detector's output effects corrections to the outputs of the detectors used to measure the density of the materials surrounding the borehole in order to correct for variations in the x-ray source output. Tool logic electronics, PSUs, and one or more detectors used to measure borehole standoff such that other detector responses maybe compensated for tool standoff are also provided. Shielding, through-wiring; wear-pads that improve the efficacy and tool functionality are also described and claimed.

Improved reservoir simulation methods and systems are provided that employ a new velocity model in conjunction with a sequential implicit (SI) formulation or Sequential Fully Implicit (SF) formulation for solving the discrete form of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations. In embodiments, the new velocity model employs a fluid transport equation part based on calculation of phase velocity for a number of fluid phases that involves capillary pressure and a modification coefficient. In embodiments, the modification coefficient can be based on a derivative of capillary pressure with respect to saturation. In another aspect, the new velocity model can employ an estimate of the phase velocity of the water phase v.sub.w_est that is based on one or more derivatives of capillary pressure of the water phase as a function of water saturation.

The present invention provides an intelligent geophysical data acquisition system and acquisition method for shale oil and gas optical fiber. A pipe string is arranged in a metal casing, and an external armored optical cable is fixed outside the metal casing; an, internal armored optical cable is fixed outside the pipe string; the external armored optical cable comprises a downhole acoustic sensing optical cable, two multi-mode optical fibers, a strain optical cable and a pressure sensor array, and further comprises horizontal ground acoustic sensing optical cables arranged in the shallow part of the ground according to an orthogonal grid, and artificial seismic source excitation points arranged on the ground according to the orthogonal grid.

The present invention provides an intelligent geophysical data acquisition system and acquisition method for shale oil and gas optical fiber. A pipe string is arranged in a metal casing, and an external armored optical cable is fixed outside the metal casing; an, internal armored optical cable is fixed outside the pipe string; the external armored optical cable comprises a downhole acoustic sensing optical cable, two multi-mode optical fibers, a strain optical cable and a pressure sensor array, and further comprises horizontal ground acoustic sensing optical cables arranged in the shallow part of the ground according to an orthogonal grid, and artificial seismic source excitation points arranged on the ground according to the orthogonal grid.

An apparatus, method, and system for determining body wave slowness from guided borehole waves. The method includes selecting a target axial resolution based on the size of a receiver array, obtaining a plurality of waveform data sets corresponding to a target formation zone and each acquired at a different shot position, computing a slowness-frequency 2D dispersion semblance map for each waveform data set, stacking the slowness-frequency 2D dispersion semblance maps to generate a stacked 2D semblance map, and determining a body wave slowness from the extracted dispersion curve. The method may also include generating a self-adaptive weighting function based on a dispersion model and the extracted dispersion curve, fitting the weighted dispersion curve and the dispersion model to determine a body wave slowness that minimizes the misfit between the weighted dispersion curve and the dispersion model. The method can be applied to both frequency-domain and time-domain processing.

An apparatus, method, and system for determining body wave slowness from guided borehole waves. The method includes selecting a target axial resolution based on the size of a receiver array, obtaining a plurality of waveform data sets corresponding to a target formation zone and each acquired at a different shot position, computing a slowness-frequency 2D dispersion semblance map for each waveform data set, stacking the slowness-frequency 2D dispersion semblance maps to generate a stacked 2D semblance map, and determining a body wave slowness from the extracted dispersion curve. The method may also include generating a self-adaptive weighting function based on a dispersion model and the extracted dispersion curve, fitting the weighted dispersion curve and the dispersion model to determine a body wave slowness that minimizes the misfit between the weighted dispersion curve and the dispersion model. The method can be applied to both frequency-domain and time-domain processing.

Systems and methods for generating a curtain plot that includes two inverted parameters based on the formation boundaries and the formation resistivity, the uncertainties of the formation boundaries, and the uncertainties of the drilled well-path, generating an updated curtain plot that includes two projected inverted parameters based on updated formation boundaries and updated formation resistivity, the projected uncertainties of the updated formation boundaries, and the projected uncertainties of the planned well-path, and avoiding, by the drilling operations, the uncertainties of the formation boundaries of the curtain plot and the updated curtain plot based on the two inverted parameters and the two projected inverted parameters to maintain or adjust the planned well-path within the projected uncertainties of the planned well-path.

Systems and methods for generating a curtain plot that includes two inverted parameters based on the formation boundaries and the formation resistivity, the uncertainties of the formation boundaries, and the uncertainties of the drilled well-path, generating an updated curtain plot that includes two projected inverted parameters based on updated formation boundaries and updated formation resistivity, the projected uncertainties of the updated formation boundaries, and the projected uncertainties of the planned well-path, and avoiding, by the drilling operations, the uncertainties of the formation boundaries of the curtain plot and the updated curtain plot based on the two inverted parameters and the two projected inverted parameters to maintain or adjust the planned well-path within the projected uncertainties of the planned well-path.

In some examples, a method performed by a drilling rig control center, includes receiving raw data for a first time segment, the raw data related to a drilling operation. In addition, the method includes deriving first drilling state measurements based on the raw data of the first time segment. Further, the method includes deriving first formation state measurements based on the raw data of the first time segment. The method also includes correlating the first derived drilling and formation state measurements of the first time segment with a second derived drilling and formation state measurements of a second time segment. Still further, the method includes generating a control response based on the correlation.