A steam generation system may include a plurality of heat transfer tubes configured to circulate a secondary coolant of the steam generation system. The steam generation system may be thermally coupled to a reactor vessel, and the reactor vessel may be configured to house a primary coolant. Heat generated from within the reactor vessel may be transferred from the primary coolant to the secondary coolant. The steam generation system may further include an inclined tube sheet fluidly coupled to the plurality of heat transfer tubes. The inclined tube sheet may be attached to a wall of the reactor vessel in a non-horizontal orientation.

A steam generation system may include a plurality of heat transfer tubes configured to circulate a secondary coolant of the steam generation system. The steam generation system may be thermally coupled to a reactor vessel, and the reactor vessel may be configured to house a primary coolant. Heat generated from within the reactor vessel may be transferred from the primary coolant to the secondary coolant. The steam generation system may further include an inclined tube sheet fluidly coupled to the plurality of heat transfer tubes. The inclined tube sheet may be attached to a wall of the reactor vessel in a non-horizontal orientation.

A thermal utilization plant including a heat engine and a cooling system for the heat engine. The heat engine is operable to receive heat from a non-carbon heat source (carbon heat source can be used) and to transfer heat to the cooling system. The cooling system includes an evaporator configured to vaporize a working fluid to a vapor state. A condenser is coupled to the evaporator by a conduit and operable to receive the working fluid in the vapor state and to condense the working fluid to a fluid state. An output is coupled to the condenser and operable to receive the working fluid from the condenser and to provide the working fluid for beneficial use.

A thermal utilization plant including a heat engine and a cooling system for the heat engine. The heat engine is operable to receive heat from a non-carbon heat source (carbon heat source can be used) and to transfer heat to the cooling system. The cooling system includes an evaporator configured to vaporize a working fluid to a vapor state. A condenser is coupled to the evaporator by a conduit and operable to receive the working fluid in the vapor state and to condense the working fluid to a fluid state. An output is coupled to the condenser and operable to receive the working fluid from the condenser and to provide the working fluid for beneficial use.

The present disclosure provides a method for generating higher hydrocarbon(s) from a stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms (C.sub.2+), comprising introducing methane and an oxidant (e.g., O.sub.2) into an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor that has been retrofitted into a system comprising an ethylene-to-liquids (ETL) reactor. The OCM reactor reacts the methane with the oxidant to generate a first product stream comprising the C.sub.2+ compounds. The first product stream can then be directed to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit that recovers at least a portion of the C.sub.2+ compounds from the first product stream to yield a second product stream comprising the at least the portion of the C.sub.2+ compounds. The second product stream can then be directed to the ETL reactor. The higher hydrocarbon(s) can then be generated from the at least the portion of the C.sub.2+ compounds in the ETL reactor.

The present disclosure provides a method for generating higher hydrocarbon(s) from a stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms (C.sub.2+), comprising introducing methane and an oxidant (e.g., O.sub.2) into an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor that has been retrofitted into a system comprising an ethylene-to-liquids (ETL) reactor. The OCM reactor reacts the methane with the oxidant to generate a first product stream comprising the C.sub.2+ compounds. The first product stream can then be directed to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit that recovers at least a portion of the C.sub.2+ compounds from the first product stream to yield a second product stream comprising the at least the portion of the C.sub.2+ compounds. The second product stream can then be directed to the ETL reactor. The higher hydrocarbon(s) can then be generated from the at least the portion of the C.sub.2+ compounds in the ETL reactor.

Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure provide systems and methods for a waste heat recovery and conversion. The waste heat recovery and conversion system includes a housing non-invasively mountable onto an engine. The waste heat recovery and conversion system also includes a power conversion unit (PCU) entirely within the housing. The PCU includes heat exchangers, an expander, an electrical power generator, and a fluid pump. The heat exchangers, the expander, the fluid pump, and the fluid reservoir form a thermodynamic loop that drives the electrical power generator using thermal energy from waste heat. Under various configurations the waste heat recovery and conversion system offer pollutant reduction features all together with fuel savings.

Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure provide systems and methods for a waste heat recovery and conversion. The waste heat recovery and conversion system includes a housing non-invasively mountable onto an engine. The waste heat recovery and conversion system also includes a power conversion unit (PCU) entirely within the housing. The PCU includes heat exchangers, an expander, an electrical power generator, and a fluid pump. The heat exchangers, the expander, the fluid pump, and the fluid reservoir form a thermodynamic loop that drives the electrical power generator using thermal energy from waste heat. Under various configurations the waste heat recovery and conversion system offer pollutant reduction features all together with fuel savings.

A liquid air energy storage system comprises an air liquefier, a storage facility for storing the liquefied air, and a power recovery unit coupled to the storage facility. The air liquefier comprises an air input, an adsorption air purification unit for purifying the input air, and a cold box for liquefying the purified air. The power recovery unit comprises a pump for pressurising the liquefied air from the liquid air storage facility, an evaporator for transforming the high-pressure liquefied air into high-pressure gaseous air, an expansion turbine capable of being driven by the high-pressure gaseous air, a generator for generating electricity from the expansion turbine, and an exhaust for exhausting low-pressure gaseous air from the expansion turbine. The exhaust is coupled to the adsorption air purification unit such that at least a portion of the exhausted low-pressure gaseous air is usable to regenerate the adsorption air purification unit.

A liquid air energy storage system comprises an air liquefier, a storage facility for storing the liquefied air, and a power recovery unit coupled to the storage facility. The air liquefier comprises an air input, an adsorption air purification unit for purifying the input air, and a cold box for liquefying the purified air. The power recovery unit comprises a pump for pressurising the liquefied air from the liquid air storage facility, an evaporator for transforming the high-pressure liquefied air into high-pressure gaseous air, an expansion turbine capable of being driven by the high-pressure gaseous air, a generator for generating electricity from the expansion turbine, and an exhaust for exhausting low-pressure gaseous air from the expansion turbine. The exhaust is coupled to the adsorption air purification unit such that at least a portion of the exhausted low-pressure gaseous air is usable to regenerate the adsorption air purification unit.