A converting device arranged to transfer thermodynamic energy of a compressed working fluid into electrical energy. The converting unit is comprised of at least one cylinder which encloses a piston. In an embodiment, said at least one piston is provided with a magnetic portion. A ferromagnetic coil surrounds the piston and is integrated with the cylinder. As the piston moves through the coil, electrical energy is generated.

There are various source of heat energy. Amongst the various sources Solar energy, waste heat form garbage, waste heat from transformers, waste heat from chemical reactions, waste heat from plant and machinery, heat from geo-thermal or the vast heat energy lying in the seas and oceans are some of the major ones which are free and unused. Apart from these, we can also produce heat energy from fuels like fossil fuels, hydrogen gas, forest products etc. A lot of heat energy is being wasted and though converted to mechanical or electric energy it is not that efficient. However, using the evaporation or sublimation and condensation process brought about through difference in temperature and the use of buoyancy factor to increase the efficiency of the energy production, the heat energy can be converted to mechanical or electrical energy in excess of hundred percent. Moreover, heat energy obtained from hydrolysis of some chemicals like salts or hydroxides and their dehydration for reuse or the heat stored as latent heat on melting of salts can be utilized for huge storage of energy for some months or more and use it through this invention method. The energy lying in the water under the oceans during winter can be easily utilized for production of huge energy when there are very low (freezing) temperatures on the surface of the earth.

A turbomachinery control system for controlling supercritical working fluid turbomachinery. The control system includes a light emitter to project light through working fluid of the turbomachinery toward a primary light detector provided within a line of sight to the emitter. The system further includes one or more secondary light detectors spaced from the line of sight, and a controller determining one or both of an intensity of light detected by the primary detector relative to the detected light intensity by the secondary detector, and wavelength of light detected by the primary detector relative to wavelength of light detected by the secondary detector. The controller determines the working fluid proximity of the critical point based on one or both of the determined relative intensity and determined relative wavelength, and controlling an actuator to control turbomachinery inlet or outlet conditions in accordance with the working fluid determined proximity of the critical point.

A turbomachinery control system for controlling supercritical working fluid turbomachinery. The control system includes a light emitter to project light through working fluid of the turbomachinery toward a primary light detector provided within a line of sight to the emitter. The system further includes one or more secondary light detectors spaced from the line of sight, and a controller determining one or both of an intensity of light detected by the primary detector relative to the detected light intensity by the secondary detector, and wavelength of light detected by the primary detector relative to wavelength of light detected by the secondary detector. The controller determines the working fluid proximity of the critical point based on one or both of the determined relative intensity and determined relative wavelength, and controlling an actuator to control turbomachinery inlet or outlet conditions in accordance with the working fluid determined proximity of the critical point.

Systems and methods for cooling a power generation working fluid are disclosed that reduce the amount of cooling fluid used. These systems and methods save on water usage in the generation of power by thermoelectric power generation systems.

Systems and methods for cooling a power generation working fluid are disclosed that reduce the amount of cooling fluid used. These systems and methods save on water usage in the generation of power by thermoelectric power generation systems.

Systems and methods for cooling a power generation working fluid are disclosed that reduce the amount of cooling fluid used. These systems and methods save on water usage in the generation of power by thermoelectric power generation systems.

Systems store energy mechanically at a first time and extract the energy at a later time. When excess electricity from renewable sources or during off-peak periods is available, a pump directs a working liquid (L) to pressurize a gas (G) that is confined within a pressure vessel. When electricity from renewable sources is not available or during periods of peak demand or pricing, the pressurized gas (G) directs the working liquid (L) through a hydropower turbine. The turbine drives a generator through a mechanical coupling to provide electricity for powering a load. In addition, the system can leverage (take) any waste heat as the input to boost the efficiency of the system. The described systems function at ground level and are modular and scalable in capacity.

Systems store energy mechanically at a first time and extract the energy at a later time. When excess electricity from renewable sources or during off-peak periods is available, a pump directs a working liquid (L) to pressurize a gas (G) that is confined within a pressure vessel. When electricity from renewable sources is not available or during periods of peak demand or pricing, the pressurized gas (G) directs the working liquid (L) through a hydropower turbine. The turbine drives a generator through a mechanical coupling to provide electricity for powering a load. In addition, the system can leverage (take) any waste heat as the input to boost the efficiency of the system. The described systems function at ground level and are modular and scalable in capacity.

Provided herein are an austenite steel that satisfies desirable strength and desirable castability at the same time, and an austenite steel casting using same. The austenite steel according to an embodiment of the present invention contains Ni: 25 to 50%, Nb: 3.8 to 6.0%, Zr: 0.5% or less, B: 0.001 to 0.05%, Cr: 12 to 25%, Ti: 1.6% or less, Mo: 4.8% or less, and W: 5.2% or less in mass %, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the parameter Ps represented by the following formula (1) satisfies Ps38,
Ps=8.3[Nb]7.5[Ti]+2.4[Mo]+3.5[W]formula (1),
where [Nb], [Ti], [Mo], and [W] represent the contents of Nb, Ti, Mo, and W, respectively, in mass %.